WCO Explanatory Notes reproduced for reference. © World Customs Organization. Verify against official WCO publication.
29.14 - Ketones and quinones, whether or not with other oxygen function, and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives. - Acyclic ketones without other oxygen function : 29 14.11 -- 2914.12 - Butanone (methyl ethyl ketone) - - 4-Methylpentan-Zone (methyl isobutyl ketone) - - Other - Cyclanic, cyclenic or cycloterpenic ketones without other oxygen fwnction : - - Cyclohexanone and methylcyclohexanones - - Ionones and methylionones - - Other - Aromatic ketones without other oxygen function : - - Phenylacetone (phenylpropan-2-one) - - Other 29 14.13 2914.19 2914.22 29 24.23 2914.29 29 14.31 2914.39 Acetone - 2914.40 - Ketone-alcohols and ketone-aldehydes 2914.50 - Ketone-phenols and ketones with other oxygen function - Quinones : - - Anthraquinone 2914.69 - - Other 2914.70 - Halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives 2914.61 The term" ketones and quinones with other ox gen function" means ketones and uinones which contain also one or more of the oxygen Actions referred to in previous sub- hapters (alcohol, ether, phenol, aldehyde, etc., functions). E (A) KETONES These are compounds containing the group (>C=O), so-called " carbonyl " group, and can be represented b the general formula (R-CO-R1), in which R and R1stand for alkyl or aryl radicals (methyl, ethy ,propyl, phenyl, etc.). r Ketones ma have two tautomeric forms, the true ketonic form (-CO-) and the enolic form (=C(OH)-), 0th of which fall in this heading. g (I) Acyclic ketones. distillation of (1) Acetone (pro anone) (CH3COCH3).Found in the products of the wood (methy alcohol and crude pyroligneous acid , but is main y obtained by synthesis. Colowless liquid with an agreeable ether- ike odour. Used in numerous organic syntheses, for the manufacture of plastics, as a solvent for acetylene, acetylcellulose and resins, etc. P "u (2) Butanone (methyl ethyl ketone) (CH3COC2H5). Colourless liquid found in the by-products of the distillation of alcohol from beet molasses. Also obtained by the oxidation of secondary butyl alcohol. (3) 4-Methylpentan-2-one (methyl isobutyl ketone) ((CH3)2CHCH2COCH3). Liquid with an agreeable odour; used as a solvent for cellulose nitrate, gums and resins. (4) Mesityl oxide. Colourless liquid formed by the condensation of two acetone molecules. (5) Phorones. Compounds formed by the condensation of three acetone molecules. (6) Pseudoionones. Complex ketones, li uid, yellowish in colour, smelling of violets; used for the preparation of ionone ( a r t h i a l violet oil). (7) Pseudometh lionones. Liquids with the same properties as pseudoionones, with a violet-like o our. Used in perfumery. d (8) Diacetyl (CH3COCOCH3). Greenish-yellow liquid, with a penetrating quinone-like odour. Used for flavouring butter and margarine. (9) Acetylacetone (CH3COCH2COCH3). Colourless liquid, with an agreeable odour; used in organic synthesis. (10) Acetonylacetone (CH3COCH2CH2COCH3).Colourless liquid with an agreeable odour; used in organic synthesis. (11) Cyclanic, cyclenic or cycloterpenic ketones. 6 2 (1) Camphor C10HI60 . The heading covers both natural and synthetic camphor. The former is o tained om the ~lrulzsscamphora tree, indigenous to China and Japan. Synthetic camphor is derived from pinene (obtained from spirits of turpentine). Both are colowless crystalline masses, translucent, soft to the touch, and with a characteristic odour. Natural and s thetic camphor are used in medicine as an antiseptic, for the manufacture of cel uloid and in moth balls. r" So-called " Borneo camphor " or " borne01 " is not a ketone but an alcohol, and is formed by reducing camphor; it is excluded (heading 29.06). (2) Cyclohexanone (C&lloO . Obtained by synthesis; a liquid with an odour similar to that of acetone. Strong so vent for acetylcellulose and natural or artificial resins. I (3) Methylcyclohexanones.Liquids insoluble in water. (4) Ionones (C13H200),formed by the condensation of citral with acetone. They include : (a) a-Ionone. Colourless liquid with a strong violet-like odour. @) ,&Ionone. Colourless liquid with a violet-like odour less delicate than that of a-lonone. Both are used in perfumery. (5) Methylionones. Colourless to amber-yellow liquids. \ (6) Fenchone CI0Hl60).Occurs in fennel and thuja oils. A clear, colourless liquid, with a camphor- ike odour; used as a camphor substitute. (7) Irone. Occurs in the essential oil obtained eom the roots of some varieties of iris. An oily liquid, colourless, with an iris-like odour; strongly diluted, it has a delicate, violet-like odour. Used in perfumery. (8) Jasmone C11HL60). Derived from jasmine-blossom. A light yellow oil with a strong jasmine o our, used in perfumery. (9) Carvone (C10HI40). Occurs in caraway, aniseed and mint oils. A colourless liquid, with a strong aromatic odour. L (10) Cyclopentanone adipoketone) C4&CO). Occurs in the distillation products of wood. A liquid wi a mint-like o our. (11) Menthone (CLOHI80). Found in pep ermint and other essential oils. Obtained synthetical1 by oxidation of menthol.n!i unstable, colourless, refractive liquid, with an odour o mint. (TLI) Aromatic ketones. (1) Methyl naphthyl ketone. (2) Benzylideneacetone (C6H5CH=CHCOCH3).Colourless crystals, smelling of sweet peas. (3) Acetophenone (CB3COC6H5).Oily, colourless or yellow liquid, with an agreeable aromatic odour; used in p e h e r y and for organic synthesis. (4) Propiophenone. (5) Methylacetophenone (CH3C6&COCH3). Colourless or yellowish liquid, with an agreeable odour. (6) Butyldimethylacetophenone. (7) Benzo henone C6H5COC6H5).Colourless or slight1 yellow crystals with an E' agreea le ether-li(ke odour. Used in the manufacture o synthetic p e h e s and for organic synthesis. (8) Benzanthrone. Yellowish needles. (9) Phenylacetone (phenylpropan-2-one). Colourless to light yellow liquid. Used rincl ally in organic synthesis and as a precursor in the production of amphetamines see t e list of precursors at the end of Chapter 29). P (B) KETONE-ALCOHOLS Compounds whose molecules contain both the alcohol and ketone functions. (1) 4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentan-Zone (diacetone alcohol). Colourless liquid. r (2) Acetol (acet lcarbinol) (CH3COCH20H).Colourless liquid with a penetrating odour; used as a solvent or cellulose varnishes and resins. (C) KETONE-ALDEHYDES Compounds whose molecules contain both the ketone and aldehyde functions. (D) KETONE-PHENOLS Compounds whose molecules contain both the ketone and phenol functions. (E) QuIi'fONES These are diketones derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of two into >C=O groups with any necessary rearrangenlent of double bonds. > CH groups (I) Anthraquinone (C6H4(C0)2C6H4).Yellow needles which, when ground, give a white powder. Used in the manufacture of dyes. (2) p-Benzoquinone (quinone) (C6H4O2).Yellow crystals with a penetrating odour. (3) 1,4-Naphthoquinone(C1a602).Yellow needles. (4) 2-Methylanthraquinone.White needles. (5) Acenaphthenequinone. Yellow needles. (6) Phenanthraquinone.Yellow needles. (F) QLJINONE-ALCOHOLS,QUINONE-PHENOLS, QUINONE-ALDEHYDES AND OTHER OXYGEN FUNCTION QUINONES Quinone-alcohols, quinone-phenols and quinone-aldehydes are compounds which, inde endently of their quinone function, also contain, in their molecules, alcohol, phenol and alde yde functions, respectively. R (2) Quinizarin. (G) HALOGENATED, SULPHONATED, NITRATED OR NITROSATED DERIVATIVES OF KETONES, QUINONES, KETONE-ALCOHOLS, ETC., QUINONE-AJXOHOLS, ETC. (1) Bromocamphor (Cl&IISOB~).Needles with a strong camphor-like odour. Used as a sedative. (2) 4'-Tert-butyl-2',6~-dimethyl-3',5'-dinitroacetophenone (ketone musk). (3) Camphorsulphonic acid. This heading also covers combinations of halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives (e.g., sulphohalogenated, nitrohalogenated, nitrosulphonated and nitrosulphohalogenated derivatives). Organic colouring matter is excluded from this heading (Cha ter 32). The heading also excludes ketone-bisulphite compounds which are classified as sulphonated erivatives of alcohols (headings 29.05 to 29.11). !' Sub-chapter VII CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND THEIR ANHYDRIDES, HALIDES, PEROXIDES AND PEROXYACIDS AND THEIR HALOGENATED, SULPHONATED, NITRATED OR NITROSATED DERIVATIVES GENERAL acids which contain the characteristic hnction theory, the headin also covers the ortho-acids regarded as tydrated carboxylic acids however, these do not exist in the free state, but they do regarded as esters of hydrated carboxylic acids). Carboxylic acids may contain one or more carboxyl groups (-COOH) (monocarboxylic acids or polycarboxylic acids, respectiveIy). If the hydroxyl grou (-OH) is removed, the residue is an acyl radical which can be represented by the formula (RC ) where R is an alkyl or aryl radical (methyl, ethyl, phenyl, etc.). Acyl radicals enter into the formulae of anhydrides, halides, peroxides, peroxyacids, esters and salts. & Sulphonic acids, which contain the grou;p (-S03H) are quite different from carboxylic acids; they are classified as sulphonated denvatives in various sub-Chapters. This sub-chapter includes only those which are sulphonated derivatives of the chemicals of this sub-chapter. (A) ACID ANHYDRIDES Acid anhydrides result from the elimination of a molecule of water, either from two molecules of a monobasic acid, or fiom one molecule of dibasic acid. They are characterised by the BOUP (-C(O)OClOt). (B) ACID HALIDES The halides (e.g., chlorides and bromides of acids have the general formula (RCOX, where X is a halogen), i.e., they are represented y acyl radicals combined with chlorine, bromine or other halogens. (C) ACID PEROXIDES Acid peroxides are corn ounds in which two acyl radicals are linked by two oxygen atoms; their general formula is (RC(~)OOC(O)R). (D) PEROXYACIDS Peroxyacids have the general formula (RC(0)OOH). (E) ESTERS OF ACIDS Esters of carboxylic acids are obtained by replacing the hydrogen atom of the carboxyl group -COOH) by an alkyl or ~l radical. They may be represented by the general formula [RC(O)OR1) in which R and R are alkyl or aryl radicals (methyl, ethyl, phenyl, etc.). (F) SALTS OF ACIDS Salts of carboxylic acids are obtained by replacing the hydrogen atom of the carboxyl group inorganic cation, for exam le, sodium, otassium, ammonium. They may be formula (RC(0)OM) in w ch R is an a kyl, aryl or alkaryl radical and M is a inorganic cation. Ri P (G) HALOGENATED, SULPHONATED, NITRATED OR NITROSATED DERIVATIVES OF ACIDS 6,~7 In the halo enated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of the compounds described in Parts to (F) above, the oxygen-containing functional groups remain intact, but one or more hy ogens in the radicals R or R1have been replaced, respectively, by halogens, sulpho (-S03H), nitro (-NO,) or nitroso (-NO) groups or by any combination thereof.
1.- Except where the context otherwise requires, the headings of this Chapter apply only to : (a) Separate chemically defined organic compounds, whether or not containing impurities; (b) Mixtures of two or more isomers of the same organic compound (whether or not containing impurities), except mixtures of acyclic hydrocarbon isomers (other than stereoisomers), whether or not saturated (Chapter 27); (c) The products of headings 29.36 to 29.39 or the sugar ethers, sugar acetals and sugar esters, and their salts, of heading 29.40, or the products of heading 29.41, whether or not chemically defined; (d) The products mentioned in (a), (b) or (c) above dissolved in water; (e) The products mentioned in (a), (b) or (c) above dissolved in other solvents provided that the solution constitutes a normal and necessary method of putting up these products adopted solely for reasons of safety or for transport and that the solvent does not render the product particularly suitable for specific use rather than for general use; (f) The products mentioned in (a), (b), (c), (d) or (e) above with an added stabiliser (including an anti- caking agent) necessary for their preservation or transport; (g) The products mentioned in (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) or (f) above with an added anti-dusting agent or a colouring or odoriferous substance or an emetic added to facilitate their identification or for safety reasons, provided that the additions do not render the product particularly suitable for specific use rather than for general use; (h) The following products, diluted to standard strengths, for the production of azo dyes : diazonium salts, couplers used for these salts and diazotisable amines and their salts. 2.- This Chapter does not cover : (a) Goods of heading 15.04 or crude glycerol of heading 15.20; (b) Ethyl alcohol (heading 22.07 or 22.08); (c) Methane or propane (heading 27.11); (d) The compounds of carbon mentioned in Note 2 to Chapter 28; (e) Immunological products of heading 30.02; (f) Urea (heading 31.02 or 31.05); (g) Colouring matter of vegetable or animal origin (heading 32.03), synthetic organic colouring matter, synthetic organic products of a kind used as fluorescent brightening agents or as luminophores (heading 32.04) or dyes or other colouring matter put up in forms or packings for retail sale (heading 32.12); (h) Enzymes (heading 35.07); (ij) Metaldehyde, hexamethylenetetramine or similar substances, put up in forms (for example, tablets, sticks or similar forms) for use as fuels, or liquid or liquefied-gas fuels in containers of a kind used for filling or refilling cigarette or similar lighters and of a capacity not exceeding 300 cm3 (heading 36.06); (k) Products put up as charges for fire-extinguishers or put up in fire-extinguishing grenades, of heading 38.13; ink removers put up in packings for retail sale, of heading 38.24; or (l) Optical elements, for example, of ethylenediamine tartrate (heading 90.01). 3.- Goods which could be included in two or more of the headings of this Chapter are to be classified in that one of those headings which occurs last in numerical order. 4.- In headings 29.04 to 29.06, 29.08 to 29.11 and 29.13 to 29.20, any reference to halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives includes a reference to compound derivatives, such as sulphohalogenated, nitrohalogenated, nitrosulphonated or nitrosulphohalogenated derivatives. Nitro or nitroso groups are not to be taken as “nitrogen-functions” for the purposes of heading 29.29. For the purposes of headings 29.11, 29.12, 29.14, 29.18 and 29.22, “oxygen function”, the characteristic organic oxygen-containing group of those respective headings, is restricted to the oxygen-functions referred to in headings 29.05 to 29.20.