Pictures, designs and photographs kg 2

49.11 - Other printed matter, including printed pictures and photographs. 491 1.10 - Trade advertising material, commercial catalogues and the like - Other : 49 11.9 1 - - Pictures, designs and photographs 4911.99 - - Other This heading covers all rinted matter (including photographs and printed pictures) of this Chapter (see the General xplanatory Note above) but not more particularly covered by any of the preceding headings of the Chapter. E Framed pictures and photographs remain classified in this heading when the essential character of the whole is given by the pictures or hotographs; in other cases such articles are to be classified in the heading appropriate to the ames, as articles of wood, metal, etc. R Certain printed articles may be intended for completion in manuscript or typescript at the time of use but remain in this heading provided they are essentially printed matter (see Note 12 to Chapter 48). Thus, printed forms (e.g., magazine subscription forms), blank multi-coupon travel (e.g., air, rail and coach) tickets, circular letters, identity documents and cards and other articles printed with messages, notices, etc., requirin only the insertion of particulars (e ., dates and names) are classified in this heading. Stock, s are or bond certificates and similar ocurnents of title and cheque forms, which also require completion and validation are, however, classified in heading 49.07. f % On the other hand, certain articles of stationery with printing which is merely incidental to their primary use fox writing or typing are classified m Chapter 48 (see Note 12 to Chapter 48 and in particuIar the Explanatory Notes to headings 48.17 and 48.20). The heading includes the following in addition to the more obvious products : (1) Advertising matter (including posters), year books and similar publications devoted essentially to advertising, trade catalogues of all kinds (including book or music publishers' lists, and catalo es of works of art) and tourist propaganda. Newspapers, periodicals and journals, whe er or not containin advertising material, are however excluded (heading 49.01 or 49.02, as appropriate?. (2) Brochures containing the programme of a circus, sporting event, opera, play or similar presentation. (3) Printed calendar backs with or without illustrations. (4) Schematic maps. (5) Anatomical, botanical, etc., instructional charts and diagrams. (6) Tickets for admission to places of entertainment e.g., cinemas, theatres and concerts), tickets for travel by public or private transport and ot er sirmlar tickets. (7) Microcopies on opaque bases of the articles of this Chapter. (8) Screens made by printing a film of plastics with letters or symbols to be cut out for use in design work. Such screens simply printed with dots, lines or squares are excluded (Chapter 39). (9) Maximum cards and illustrated first-day covers not bearing postage stamps (see also Part (D) of the Explanatory Note to heading 97.04). (10) Self-adhesive printed stickers designed to be used, for exam le, for publicity, advertising lers ". or mere decoration, e.g., " comic stickers " and " window stic! (1 1) Lottery tickets, "scratch cards", raffle tickets and tombola tickets. The following articles, in particular, are also excluded from this heading : (a) Photographic negatives or positives on films or plates (heading 37.05). (b) Goods of heading 39.18,39.19,48.14 or 48.21 or printed paper products of Chapter 48 in which the printed characters or pictures are merely incidental to the primary use of the products. (c) Letters, numbers, sign-plates and similar motifs for sho signs and shop windows, bearing a rinted picture or text, of ceramics, of glass, or of base metal, wkch are classifiable in headings 69.1(70.20 and 83.10 respectively, or in heading 94.05 if illuminated. (d) Decorative lass mirrors, whether or not h e d , with printed illustrations on one surface (heading 7059 or 70.13). (e) Printed "smart cards" (including proximity cards or tags) as defined in Note 4 (b) to Chapter 85 (heading 85.23). ( f ) Printed dials of instruments or apparatus of Chapter 90 or 91. (g) Printed aper toys (e.g., children's cut-out sheets), playing cards and the like, and other printed games (8hapter 95). (h) Original engravings, prints and lithographs, of heading 97.02, that is, impressions roduced directly, m black and white or in mlour, of one or of several laten wholly executed by {and by the artist, irrespective of the process or of the material cmploye8by him, but not including any mechanical or photo-mechanical process. Section XI TEXTILES AND TEXTILE ARTICLES Notes. 1.- This Section does not cover (a) Animal brush-making bristles or hair (heading 05.02); horsehair or horsehair waste (heading 05.1 1); (b) Human hair or articles of human hair (heading 05.01,67.03 or 67.04), except straining cloth of a kind commonly used in oil presses or the like (headmg 59.1 1); (c) Cotton linters or other vegetable materials of Chapter 14; (d) Asbestos of heading 25.24 or articles of asbestos or other products of heading 68.12 or 68.13; Articles of heading 30.05 or 30.06; am used to clean between the teeth (dental floss), in individual retail packages, of heading 33.06; Sensitised textiles of headings 37.01 to 37.04; Monofilament of which any cross-sectional dimension exceeds 1 mm or strip or the like (for example, artificial straw) of an apparent width exceedin 5 mm, of plastics (Chapter 39), or plaits or fabrics or other basketware or wickerwork of sucg monofilament or stnp (Chapter 46); Woven, knitted or crocheted fabrics, felt or nonwovens, impregnated, coated, covered or laminated with plastics, or articles thereof, of Chapter 39; Woven, knitted or crocheted fabrics, felt or nonwovens, impregnated, coated, covered or laminated with rubber, or articles thereof, of Chapter 40; Hides or skins with their hair or wool on Chapter 41 or 43) or articles of furskin, artificial fbr or articles thereof, of heading 43.03 or 43. 4; Articles of textile materials of heading 42.01 or 42.02; Products or articles of Chapter 48 (for example, cellulose wadding); Footwear or parts of footwear, gaiters or leggings or similar articles of Chapter 64; Hair-nets or other headgear or parts thereof of Chapter 65; Goods of Chapter 67; Abrasive-coated textile material (heading 68.05) and also carbon fibres or articles of carbon fibres of heading 68.15; Glass fibres or articles of lass fibres, other than embroidery with glass thread on a visible ground of fabric (Chapter 78); Articles of Chapter 94 (for example, furniture, bedding, lamps and lighting fittings); Articles of Chapter 95 (for example, toys, games, sports requisites and nets); Articles of Chapter 96 (for example, brushes, travel sets for sewing, slide fasteners, ribbons, sanitary towels (pads) and tampons, napkins (diapers) and napkin liners for b%i$,": Articles of Chapter 97. 2.- (A) Goods classifiable in Chapters 50 to 55 or in heading 58.09 or 59.02 and of a mixture of two or more textile materials are to be classified as if consisting wholly of that one textile material which predominates by weight over any other single textile material. When no one textile material predominates by weight, the oods are to be classified as if consisting wholly of that one textile material which is covered y the heading which occurs last in numerical order among those which equally merit consideration. % (B) For the purposes of the above rule : (a) Gimped horsehair yarn (headin 51.10) and metallised yarn treated as a single textile materia? the weight of which is to be t weights of its components; for the classification of woven regarded as a textile material; (b) The choice of a ropriate heading shall be effected by determining first the Chapter and h e nthe applicak?! heading within that Chapter, disregarding any materials not classified in that Chapter; (c) When both Chapters 54 and 55 are involved with any other Chapter, Chapters 54 and 55 are to be treated as a single Chapter; (d) Where a Chapter or a heading refers to goods of different textile materials, such materials are to be treated as a single textile material. (C) The provisions of paragraphs (A) and (B) above apply also to the yarns referred to in Note 3,4, 5 or 6 below. 3.- (A) For the p oses of this Section, and subject to the exceptions in paragraph (B) below, yams sin le, m%iple (folded) or cabled) of the following descriptions are to be treated as "twine, $r&ge, ropes and cables " : (a) Of silk or waste silk, measuring more than 20,000 decitex; (b) Of man-made fibres mncluding yarn of two or more monofilaments of Chapter 54), measuring more than 1 ,000 decitex; $ (c) Of true hemp or flax : (i) Polished or glazed, measuring 1,429 decitex or more; or (ii) Not polished or glazed, measuring more than 20,000 decitex; (d) Of coir, consisting of three or more plies; (e) Of other vegetable fibres, measuring more than 20,000 decitex; or ( f ) Reinforced with metal thread. (B) Exceptions : (a) Yarn of wool or other animal hair and paper yarn, other than yam reinforced with metal thread; (b) Man-made filament tow of Cha ter 55 and multifilament yarn without twist or with a twist of less than 5 turns per me- o?~hapter 54; (c) Silk worm gut of heading 50.06, and monofilaments of Chapter 54; (d) Metallised yam of heading 56.05; yarn reinforced with metal thread is subject to paragraph (A) (f) above; and (e) Chenille yarn, gimped yam and loop wale-yam of heading 56.06. 4.- (A) For the purposes of Chapters 50, 51,52, 54 and 55, the expression " put up for retail sale " in relation to yarn means, subject to the exceptions in paragraph (B) below, yarn (single, multiple (folded) or cabled) put up : (a) On cards, reels, tubes or similar supports, of a weight (including support) not exceeding : (i) 85 g in the case of silk, waste silk or man-made filaments; or (ii) 125 g in other cases; (b) In balls, hanks or skeins of a weight not exceeding : (i) 85 g in the case of man-made filament yarn of less than 3,000 decitex, silk or silk waste; ( ii) 125 g in the case of all other yarns of less than 2,000 decitex; or (iii) 500 g in other cases. (c) In hanks or skeins comprising several smaller hanks or skeins separated by dividin threads which render them independent one of the other, each of uniform weight not excee&ng : (i) 85 g in the case of silk, waste silk or man-made filaments; or (ii) 125 g in other cases. (B) Exceptions : (a) Single yarn of any textile material, except : (i) Single yarn of wool or fine animal hair, unbleached; and (ii) Single arn of wool or fine animal hair, bleached, dyed or printed, measuring more than 5,000 Hcitex; (b) Multiple (folded) or cabled yarn, unbleached : (i) Of silk or waste silk, however put up; or (ii) Of other textile materia1 except wool or fine animal hair, in hanks or skeins; (c) Multi le (folded) or cabled yarn of silk or waste silk, bleached, dyed or printed, measuring 133 gcitex or less; and (d) Single, multiple (folded) or cabled yarn of any textile material : (i) In cross-reeled hanks or skeins; or (ii) Put up on supports or in some other manner indicatin its use in the textile industry (for example, on cops, twistin mill tuba, pirns, conic3 bobbins or spindles, or reeled m the form of cocoons for em roidery looms). % 5.- For the urposes of headings 52.04, 54.01 and 55.08, the expression " sewing thread " means multiple Folded) or cabled yarn : (a) Put up on supports (for example, reels, tubes) of a weight (including support) not exceeding 1,000 g; (b) Dressed for use as sewing thread; and (c) With a final " Z " twist. 6.- For the purposes of this Section, the expression " high tenaci yarn " means yarn having a tenacity, expressed in cN/tex (centmewtons per tex), greater than the fol owing : Single yarn of nylon or other polyamides, or of polyesters ....................................................60 cN/tex Multiple (folded) or cabled yam of nylon or other polyamides, or of polyesters Single, multiple (folded) or cabled yarn of viscose rayon ................... 53 cN/tex ..................................................... 27 cN/tex. 7.- For the purposes of this Section, the expression " made up " means : (a) Cut otherwise than into squares or rectangles; (b) Produced in the finished state, ready for use (or merely needin separation by cutting dividin threads) wthout sewing or other working (for example, certain usters, towels, table cloths, sc squares, blankets); k a3 (c) Cut to size and with at least one heat-sealed edge with a visibly tapered or compressed border and the other ed es treated as described in any other subparagra h of this Note, but excluding fabrics the cut e ges of which have been prevented fi-om unraveling by hot cuttmg or by other simple means; d (d) Hemmed or with rolled edges, or with a knotted £ringe at any of the edges, but excluding fabrics the cut edges of which have been prevented from unravelling by whipping or by other simple means; (e) Cut to size and having undergone a process of drawn thread work; ( f ) Assembled by sewing, gumming or otherwise (other than piece goods consisting of two or more lengths of identical material joined end to end and piece goods composed of two or more textiles assembled in layers, whether or not padded); (g) Knitted or crocheted to shape, whether presented as separate items or in the form of a number of items in the length. 8.- For the purposes of Chapters 50 to 60 : (a) Chapters 50 to 55 and 60 and, except where the context otherwise requires, Chapters 56 to 59 do not apply to goods made up within the meaning of Note 7 above; and @) Chapters 50 to 55 and 60 do not apply to goods of Chapters 56 to 59. 9.- The woven fabrics of Chapters 50 to 55 include fabrics consisting of layers of paral!el textile yarns superimposed on each other at acute or right angles. These layers are bonded at the intersections of the yarns by an adhesive or by thermal bonding. 10.- Elastic products consisting of textile materials combined with rubber threads are classified in this Section. 11.-For the purposes of this Section, the expression " impregnated " includes " dipped ". 12.-For the purposes of this Section, the expression " polyamides " includes " ararnids ". 13.-For the purposes of this Section and, where a plicable, throughout the Nomenclatqe, the expression " elastomerlc yarn " means filament yam, inc uding monofilament, of synthetic text$e matenal, other than textured yam, which does not break on being extended to three times ~ t on s nal length and which returns, after being extended to twice its original len , within a period of f?ve minutes, to a length not greater than one and a half times its original lengd? P 14.-Unless the context otherwise requires, textile arments of different headings are to be classified in their o w headings even if put up in sets for retail sale. For the urposes of this Note, the expression "textile garments ' means garments of headings 61.01 to 4.14 and headings 62.01 to 62.11. Subheading Notes. 1.- In this Section and, where applicable, throughout the Nomenclature, the following expressions have the meanings hereby assigned to them : (a) Unbleached yarn Yarn which : (i) has the natural colour of its constituent fibres and has not been bleached, dyed (whether or not in the mass) or printed; or (ii) is of indeterminate colour I"grey yarn '3, manufactured from garnetted stock. Such yarn may have been treated with a colourless dressing or fhgitive dye (which disappears after simple washing with soap) and, in the case of man-made fibres, treated in the mass with delustring agents (for example, tltanium dioxide). (b) Bleached yarn Yarn which : (i) has undergone a bleaching rocess, is made of bleached fibres or, unless the context otherwise requires, has been &ed white (whether or not in the mass) or treated with a white dressing; (ii) consists of a mixture of unbleached and bleached fibres; or (iii) is multiple (folded) or cabled and consists of unbleached and bleached yarns. (c) Coloured (dyed or printed) yarn Yarn which : (i) is d ed (whether or not in the mass) other than white or in a fbgitive colour, or printed, or ma& fmm dyed or printed fibres; (ii) consists of a mixture of dyed fibres of different colours or of a mixture of unbleached or bleached fibres with coloured fibres (marl or mixture yarns), or is printed in one or more colours at intervals to give the impression of dots; (iii) is obtained fiom slivers or rovings which have been printed; or (iv) is multiple (folded) or cabled and consists of unbleached or bleached yarn and coloured yarn. The above definitions also apply, mutatis mutandis, to monofilament and to strip or the like of chapter 54. (d) Unbleached woven fabric Woven fabric made h m unbleached yarn and which has not been bleached, dyed or printed. Such fabric may have been treated with a colourless dressing or a hgitive dye. (e) Bleached woven fabric Woven fabric which : (i) has been bleached or, unless the context otherwise requires, dyed white or treated with a white dressing, m the piece; (ii) consists of bleached yarn; or (iii) consists of unbleached and bleached yam. (f) Dyed woven fabric Woven fabric which (i) is dyed a single uniform colour other than white (unless the context otherwise requires) or has been treated with a coloured finish other than wh~te(unless the context otherwise requires), in the piece; or (ii) consists of coloured yam of a single uniform colour. (g) Woven fabric of yarns of different colours Woven fabric (other than printed woven fabric) which : (i) consists of yarns of different colours or arns of different shades of the same colour (other ? than the natural colour of the constituent ibres); (ii) consists of unbleached or bleached yam and coloured yarn; or (iii) consists of marl or mixture yarns. (In all cases, the yarn used in selvedges and piece ends is not taken into consideration.) (h) Printed woven fabric Woven fabric which has been printed in the piece, whether or not made from yarns of different colours. The following are also regarded as printed woven fabrics : woven fabrics bearing designs made, $or example, with a brush or spray gun, by means of transfer paper, by flocking or by the batik process.) The process of mercerisation does not affect the classification of yarns or fabrics within the above categories. The definitions at (d) to (h) above apply, mutatis rnutandis, to knitted or crocheted fabrics. (ij) Plain weave A fabric construction in which each yarn of the weft asses alternately over and under successive yarns of the warp and each yarn of the warp passes a ternately over and under successive yarns of the weft. P 2.- (A) Products of Chapters 56 to 63 containing two or more textile materials are to be regarded as consisting wholly of that textile material which would be selected under Note 2 to th~sSection for the classification of a product of Chapters 50 to 55 or of heading 58.09 consisting of the same textile materials. (B) For the application of this rule : (a) where a pro riate, only the part which determines the classification under Interpretative Rule 3 skill f e taken into accounf (b) in the case of textile products consisting of a ground fabric and a pile or looped surface no account shall be taken of the ground fabric; (c) in the case of embroidery of heading 58.10 and goods thereof, only the ground fhbric shall be taken into account. However, embroidery without visible ground, and goods thereof, shall be classified with reference to the embroidering threads alone. GENERAL In general, Section XI covers raw materials of the textile industry (silk, wool, cotton, man-made fibres, etc.), semi-manufactured products (such as yarns and woven fabrics) and the made up articles made fiom those products. However, it excludes a certain number of materials and products such as those mentioned in Note 1 to Section XI, the Notes to certain Chapters or in the following Explanatory Notes on headings in the Section. In particular, the following are not classified in Sechon XI : (a) Human hair and articles thereof ( enerall headin 05.01,67.03 or 67.04), except straining cloth of (hea&ng 59.11). a kind used in 011 presses or the life Asbestos fibres and articles (yams, fabrics, clothing, etc.) of asbestos (heading 25.24, 68.12 or 68.13). (c) Carbon fibres and other non-metallic mineral fibres (e.g., silicon carbide, rock wool) and articles of such fibres (Chapter 68). (d) Glass fibres, arns, fabrics, and articles made therefrom, and composite articles of glass fibres and textile fibres twing the character of articles of glass fibres (Chapter 701, other than embroidery with glass thread on a visible ground of fabric. Section XI is divided into fourteen Chapters which may be considered in two parts, the first Chapters 50 to 55 being divided accordm to the nature of the textile material, and the second Chapters 56 to 63 ,with the exce tion of eadings 58.09 and 59.02, covering products without distinction, at hea 'ng level, as toh! e nature of the textile. I % (I) CHAPTERS 50 TO 55 Chapters 50 to 55 each deal with one or more textile materials, alone or mixed, at their various stages of manufacture, up to and including their conversion into woven fabrics as described in Part (I) C) below. They cover, in most cases, the raw material, recovered waste (including garnette stock but not unpulled rags), carded or combed fibres in the form of slivers, rovings, etc., yarns and woven fabrics. d (A) ClassMcation of products composed of mixed textile materials (See Note 2 to Section XI) A textile product classifiable in any heading in Chapters 50 to 55 (waste, yam, woven fabric, etc.) or in heading 58.09 or 59.02 and of a mixture of two or more different textile materials is to be classified as if consisting wholly of that one textile material which predominates by weight over any other single textile material. When no one textile material predominates by weight, the oods are to be classified as if consisting wholly of that one textile material which is covered y the heading which occurs last in nurnertcal order among those which equally merit consideration. % The textile materials may be mixed : - prior to or during spinning; - during twisting; - during weaving. In the case of products (other than those of headin 58.11) consisting of two or more textile fabrics of different composition assembled in layers y sewing, g u m n ,etc., classification is determined in accordance with Interpretative Rule 3. Accordingly, Note to Section XI applies only where it is necessary to d e t m n e the textile material which predominates by weight in the fabric taken into consideration for the classification of the product as a whole. t f Similarly, the provisions of Note 2 to Section XI ap ly to mixed products composed of textile and non-textile materials onl if, by virtue of the eneral Rules for the Interpretation of the Nomenclature, they are classi ed as textile products. B B It should be noted that, for the application of Note 2 to the Section : (1) When a Chapter or a heading refers to products composed of textile materials of different kinds, those materials are aggre ated together for the purpose of classifying similar products containing those rnateria s mixed with others; the choice of agypriate heading shall be effected by determining first the Chapter and then the applica e heading within that Chapter, disregarding any materials not classified in that Chapter. f Examples : (a) A woven fabric composed of : 40 % by weight of synthetic staple fibres, 35 % by weight of combed wool, and 25 % by weight of combed fine animal hair is not classified in heading 55.15 (other woven fabrics of synthetic s t . le fibres) but comes under heading 51.12 (woven fabrics of combed wool or o combed fine animal hair), since the proportions of wool and of fine animal hair must, in this case, be taken in the aggregate. P (b) A woven fabric weighmg 2 10 glm2composed of : 40 % by weight of cotton, 30 % by weight of artificial staple fibres, and 30 % by weight of synthetic staple fibres is not classified in heading 52.1 1 (woven fabrics of cotton, containing less than 85 % by wei t of cotton, mixed mainly or solely with man-made fibres, weighing more than 2 0 gM), or in heading 55.14 woven fabrics of synthetic staple fibres, containin less than 85 % by weight o such fibres, mixed mainly or sole1 with cotton, o . a weight exceeding 170 glm2 , but comes under herdin 55.16 &oven fabrics of artificial staple fibres). This c assification is reached by eterrnining first the relevant Chapter (in this case Chapter 55 since the roportion of synthetic staple fibres and artifictal staple fibres must, m this case, be d e n in the aggregate) and then the applicable heading wi.thin that Chapter which, in this example, is headtn 55.16, the heading which occurs last in numerical order among those which equal y merit consideration. b f ! I d H (c) A woven fabric composed of : 35 % by weight of flax, 25 % by weight of jute, 40 % by weight of cotton is not classified in headin 52.12 (other woven fabrics of cotton) but in heading 53.09 woven fabrics of flax). his classification is reached by determining first the relevant hapter (in this case Chapter 53 since the pro ortions of flax and jute must be taken in the aggregate) and then the ap licable hea&ng within that Chapter which, in this example, is heading 53.09 since ax predominates over jute, the cotton content being disregarded in accordance with Section Note 2 (B) (b). f t. (2) # ed horsehair yarn and metallised yarn are treated as single textile materials, and their wei t is taken as the aggregate of the weights of the components. (3) In classifying woven fabrics, metal thread is treated as a textile material. (4) When both Chapters 54 and 55 are involved with any other Chapter, Chapters 54 and 55 are to be treated as a single Chapter. Example : A woven fabric composed of : 35 % by weight of synthetic filaments, 25 % by weight of synthetic staple fibres, and 40 % by weight of combed wool is not classified in headin 51.12 (woven fabrics of combed wool) but comes under heading 54.07 (woven fa rics of synthetic filament yarn), since the synthehc filaments and synthetic staple fibres must, in this case, be taken in % (5) Sizings or dressings (e.g., weightin (loading) in the case of silk) and also products for irn regnating, coatmg, covering or s eathing incorporated in textile fibres are not deemed to e non-textile materials; in other words, the weight of the textile fibres is calculated on the basis of their weight in the state in which they are presented. g f When deciding if an adrnixtute is mainly a particular textile material, regard is to be taken to the textile material which predominates by weight over any other single textile material in the admixture. Example : A woven fabric weighing not more than 200 dm2and consisting of : 55 % by weight of cotton, 22 % by weight of man-made fibres, 2 1 % by weight of wool, and 2 % by weight of silk does not fall in heading 52.12 (other woven (woven fabrics of cotton, containing less than solely with man-made fibres, weighing not , but in heading 52.10 cotton, mixed mainly or (B) Yarns (1) General. r Textile arns may be single, multiple (folded) or cabled. For the purposes of the Nomenc ature : (i) Single yarns means yarns composed either of : (a) Staple fibres, usually held together by twist (spun yarns); or of (b) One filament (monofilament) of headings 54.02 to 54.05, or two or more filaments (multifilament) of heading 54.02 or 54.03, held together, with or without twist (continuous yarns). (ii) Multiple (folded) yarns means yarns formed from two or more sin le yarns, includin those obtained from monofilaments of heading 54.04 or 54.05 ftwofold, threefolcf fourfold, etc. yarns) twisted together in one folding operation. However, yams composed solely of monofilaments of heading 54.02 or 54.03, held together by twist, are not to be regarded as multiple (folded) yarns. The ly (" fold" of a multiple (folded) yam means each of the single yarns with whic it is forme dm R (iii) Cabled yarns means yarns formed from two or more yarns, at least one of which is multiple (folded), twisted together in one or more folding operations. The pl (" fold " of a cabled yarn means each of the single or multiple (folded) yams with wKich it is Armed. The above yarns are sometimes called multiple wound (assembled) yarns when they are obtained by juxta osition of two or more single, multi le (folded) or cabled yarns. These are to be regarde as single, multiple (folded) or cable yarns according to the type of the yarns of whch they are composed. f S Single, multiple (folded) or cabled yarns may have loops or slubs at intervals (bouclC or looped, slub or flamme yarn). They may also be composed of two or more yarns one of which is folded back on itself at intervals to give the effect of a loop or swelling. Polished or glazed arns are those which have been treated with preparations based on natural substances &m, paraMin, etc.) or on synthetic substances (acrylic resins in particular). They are then made glossy by means of polishing rollers. Yarns are designated according to their measurement. Various systems of numbering or counting are still in use. The Nomenclature, however, uses the universal " Tex " system, which is a unit for expressing linear density, equal to the weight in grams of one kilometre of yarn, filament, fibre, or other textile strand. Decitex is 0.1 Tex. The following formula for the conversion of metric numbers into decitex numbers is applied : 10,000 = Decitex. Metric number Yarns may be unbleached, scoured, bleached, creamed, dyed, printed, marled, etc. They may also have been gassed (i.e., singed to remove fibres whch gve them a h a q appearance), rnercerised (i-e.,treated under tension with sodium hydroxide), oiled, etc. However, Chapters 50 to 55 do not include : (a) Rubber thread, textile covered, and textile yarns impregnated (including dipped), coated, covered or sheathed with rubber or plastics, of heading 56.04. (b) Metallised yarn (heading 56.05). (c) Gimped yarn, chenille yarn and loop wale-yam (heading 56.06). (d) Braided textile yarns (heading 56.07 or 58.08, as the case may be). (e) Textile yarns reinforced with metal thread (heading 56.07). ( f ) Yarns, monofilaments or textile fibres laid parallel and bonded with an adhesive (bolduc) (heading 58.06). (g) Textile yarns laid parallel and agglomerated with rubber of heading 59.06. (2) Distinction between single, multiple (folded) or cabled yarns of Chapters 50 to 55, twine, cordage, rope or cables of heading 56.07 and braids of heading 58.08. (See Note 3 to Section XI) Chapters 50 to 55 do not cover all yarns. Yarns are classified according to their characteristics (measurement, whether or not polished or glazed, number of plies) in those headings of Chapters 50 to 55 relatin to yams, as twine, cordage, rope or cables under headin 56.07, or as braids under eading 58.08. Table I below shows the correct classi ication in each individual case : f ? TABLE I Classification of yarns, twine, cordage, rope and cables of textile material. Type ('::) Characteristics determining classification Classification Reinforced with metal thread In all cases Heading 56.07 Of metallised yarn In all cases Heading 56.05 Gim e yarn, o er an ose o hea&;s 5 1 . 2 bh,d ~56.0: chenille yarn and loop wale yarn Braided textile yarn In all cases Heading 56.06 (1) Tightly plaited and with a compact structure Heading 56.07 (2) Other Heading 58-08 (1) Measuring 20,000 decitex or less (2) Measuring more than 20,000 decitex Heading 56.07 - Of wool or other animal hair In all cases Chapter 5 1 - (1) Polished or glazed : Other : Of silk or waste silk (**) - Of flax or true hemp (a) Measuring 1,429 decitex or more Heading 56.07 (b) Measuring less than 1,429 decitex (2) Neither polished nor glazed : (a) Measuring 20,000 decitex or less (b) Measuring more than 20,000 decitex Heading 56.07 Characteristics determining classification Type (:!:) - Classification (1) Of one or two plies Heading 53.08 (2) Of three or more plies Heading 56.07 In all cases Heading 53.08 Of cotton or other vegetable fibres (1) Measuring 20,000 decitex or less Chapter 52 or 53 (2) Measuring more than 20,000 decitex Heading 56.07 Of man-made fibres (including those yams of two or more monofilaments of Chapter 54 (:::*) (1) - Ofcoir Ofpaper Measuring 10,000 decitex or less (2) Measuring more than 10,000 decitex Chapter 54 or 55 Heading 56.07 Footnotes. (*) References to the various textiles materials apply also to such mixtures as are. classified ) of h s General therewith under the provisions of Note 2 to Section XI (see Part (I(A) Explanatory Note). (**) Silk worm gut of heading 50.06, multifilament yarn without twist or with a twist of less than 5 tums per metre, and monofilament, of Chapter 54, and man-made filament tow of Chapter 55 do not in any circumstances fall in heading 56.07. (3) Yarns put up for retail sale. (See Note 4 to Section XI) Certain headings of Chapters 50, 5 1, 52, 54 and 55 make provision for textile yarns put up for retail sale. To be classified in those headings yarns must meet the criteria set out in Table II below. However, the following yarns are never deemed to be put up for retail sale : (a) Single yam of silk, waste sillc, cotton or man-made fibres, however put up. (b) Single yarn of wool or of fine animal hair, bleached, dyed or printed, measuring 5,000 decitex or less, however put up. (c) Multiple (folded) or cabled yarn of silk or waste silk, unbleached, however put up. (d) Multiple (folded) or cabled yam of cotton or man-made fibres, unbleached, in hanks or skeins. (e) Multiple (folded) ox cabled yarn of silk or waste sillc, bleached, dyed or printed, measuring 133 decitex or less. (f) Single, multiple (folded) or cabled yarn of any textile material, in cross-reeled hanks or &ems.(*) (g) Single, multiple (folded) or cabled yam of any textile material, put u on supports (e.g., cops, twistin mill tubes, pirns, conical bobbins or spindles) or in some otfer manner (for example, in the o m of cocoons for embroidery looms, cakes made by centrifugal spinning) indicating its use in the textile industry. P Footnote (*) Cross-reeling indicates that in building up the hank the thread crosses dia onally as the hank is bein wound, preventing the hank from being split. Cross-reeling is t e method usually adoptsf when the hanks are for dyeing. % "Not cross-reeled" "Cross-reeled" TABLE I1 Yarns put up for retail sale (subject to the above-mentioned exceptions). Way in which put up Type of yam (*) Conditions under which the yam is to be regarded as put up for retail sale silk or man-made We On cards, reels, tubes or similar supports (2) Wool, fine animal hair, Wei ing 125 g cotton or man-made staple yarns (inc u h g support) ? In balls, hanks or skelns or less (I) Man-made filament yarn of less than 3,000 decitex, silk or waste silk yarns yarns 12),000Other decitex of less than Weighing 125 g or less (3) Other yarns In hanks or skeins corn rising 1) Silk, waste silk, or man-made several smaller ha& or !ilament yarns skeins separated by dividing theads which render them independent one of the other (2) Wool, h e animal hair, cotton or man-made staple fibre (**I Y-s Weighing 500 g or less Each of the smaller skeins to be of a uniform weight of 85 g or less Each of the smaller skeins to be of a weight of 125 g or less Footnotes (*) References to the various textile materials a ply also to such mixtures as are classified therewith under the provisions of Note 2 to gection XI (see Part (I) (A) of this General Explanatory Note). (**) The hanks or skeins comprising several smaller hanks or skeins separated by one or more dividing threads are fonned of one continuous length of arn which, on being cut, allows the component hanks or skeins to be readily se arated. 6ne or more dividing threads pass between the skeins and keep them separate om each other. These hanks and skeins are often wrap ed round with pa er bands. Other hanks and skeins of one continuous length, or yarn with &ding threads do not separate the main hank or skein into smaller hanks or skeins of uniform weight, but are simply intended to prevent tangling during rocessing (e.g., dyeing), are not regarded as hanks or skeins comprising several smaller anks or skeins separated by one or more dividing threads and are not regarded as put up for retail sale. H with R (4) Sewing thread. (See Note 5 to Section XI) For the purposes of headings 52.04, 54.01 and 55.08 the expressionccsewing thread " means multiple (folded) or cabled yarn : (a) Put up on supports (for example, reels, tubes) of a weight (including support) not exceeding 1,000 g; @) Dressed for use as sewing thread; and (c) With a final " Z " twist. The term" dressed" means given a finishin treatment. This facilitate the use of textile yarn as a sewing &ad, for example, properties or thermal resistance, preventin the formation of static ~ t appearance. s Such treatment involves t e use of substances wax, paraffin, etc. f The length of sewing thread is generally indicated on the support. ( 5 ) High tenacity yarn. (See Note 6 to Section XI) In Chapters 54 and 59 there are provisions for " high tenacity yarn " and for fabrics made Erom such yarn. The expression " high tenacity yarn " means yam having a tenacity, expressed in cN/tex (centinewtons per tex), greater than the following : Single yam of nylon or other polyamides, or of polyesters .................................. 60 cN/tex Multiple (folded) or cabled yarn of nylon or other polyarnides, or of polyesters . 53 cN/tex Single, multiple (folded) or cabled yarn of viscose rayon ..................... ,,....,........ 27 cN/tex. (6) Elastomeric and textured yams. (See Note 13 to Section XI) Elastomeric arn is defined in Note 13 to this Section. It should be noted that the textured yarn referre to therein is defined in the Subheading Explanatory Note to subheadings 5402.31 to 5402.39. i (C) Woven fabrics. The woven fabrics of Cha ters 50 to 55 are products obtained b interlacing textile yarns (whether of the kinds classi led in Chapters 50 to 55 or those regarde as twine, cordage, etc., of heading 56.07), rovings, monofilament or strip and the like of Chapter 54, loo narrow ribbons, braids or narrow fabrics (consisting of warp without weft assemb ed by means of an adhesive, etc.), on warp and weft looms. Certain woven fabrics are, however, excluded, for example : P i f (a) Carpets and other floor coverings (Chapter 57). (b) Pile fabrics or chenille fabrics of headin 58.01, teny towelling and similar woven terry fabrics of headin 58.02, gauze of hea mg 58.03, tapestries of heading 58.05, narrow woven fabrics of eading 58.06 and woven fabrics of metal thread or metallised yarn of heading 58.09. f f (c) Coated, impregnated, etc., fabrics of headings 59.01 and 59.03 to 59.07; tyre cord fabrics of heading 59.02 or textile fabrics for technical uses of heading 59.11. (d) Goods which have been made up within the meaning of Note 7 to Section XI (see Part (11) of this General Explanatory Note). Sub'ect to the provisions of (a) to (d) above the woven fabrics of Chapters 50 to 55, by appi'ication of Note 9 to Section XI, include, for example, fabrics consisting of : - one layer of parallel " warp " yarns with a layer of parallel " weft " yarns superimposed at acute or right angles; - two layers of parallel " warp " yarns between which a layer of" weft " yarns is inserted at acute or right angles. The essential characteristic of these fabrics is that the yarns are not interlaced as in conventional woven fabrics but are bonded at the intersections with an adhesive or by thermal bonding. These fabrics are sometimes referred to as mesh scrims; their uses include the reinforcement of other materials (plastics, paper, etc,). They are also used, for example, for the protection of agricultural crops. The woven fabrics of Cha ters 50 to 55 may be unbleached, scoured, bleached, dyed, made from yarns of different co ours, printed, clouded, mercerised, glazed, moirk, raised (napped), offered, fulled, gassed (singed), etc. They inc!ude unfigured and fi ed fabrics, and brochk fabrics in which desigus are produced by add~t~onal warp or weft t eads introduced during weaving. These fabrics are not regarded as embroidered fabrics. P r a Cha ters 50 to 55 also cover fabrics with their weft threads dissolved in laces to give the effect and weft threads remain e.g., certain abrics which have warp of esigns where both the w threads of viscose rayon an weft threads of acetate bres, the weft threads having been partially removed by means of zr, solvent). d T' P Subheading Explanatory Notes. Woven fabric of yarns of different colours Woven fabrics consisting either wholly or partly of printed yams of different colours or of printed yarns of different shades of the same colour are regarded as " woven fabrics of yarns of different colours ' and not as " dyed woven fabrics " or " printed woven fabrics ". Weaves Plain weave is defined by Subheading Note 1 (ij) to Section XI as '' a fabric construction in which each yarn of the weft passes alternately over and under successive y,ms of the warp and each yarn of the warp passes alternately over and under successive yarns of the weR . This weave pattern is shown diagrammatically below : Plain weave Plain weave is the sim lest and most commonly used weave. The two surfaces of plain weave fabrics are always identical (doub e-faced fabrics) because an equal proportion of warp and weft threads is visible on each side. f' In twill weave, the first w thread (end) is bound by the first weft thread ick), the second warp thread by the second weft thread,";ge third warp thread by the third weft thread, anI? so on. The step number for this kind of weave is one for both warp and weft. The weave repeat, i.e. the number of warp %ads and weft threads required to repeat the attem, is always greater than two. The closest twill weave is that in which the weft thread passes (floats over two warp threads. This is a three-thread twill. In a four-thread twill, the weft thread passes over three warp threads. In twill weave, diagonal limes of ribbing formed by the stepped nature of the interlacing points, extend from one selvedge to the other, forming rid es and givin the impression that the weave is diagonal. The ribs ma run fiorn ri t to left or h m le to right, A iistinction is made between weft-faced twill, in which weft thre is more apparent, and warp-faced twill, in which the warp thread is more apparent. Both these twills present a different ap earance on the face (the right side) from the reverse (the wrong side). However, there is one category o twill, called double-faced twill or cross twill, which has the same appearance on both sides. t& W P XI-16 Double-faced twill or cross twill alwa s has an even weave repeat. The warp or weft floats are the same on both faces; only the direction of tKe ribs is reversed. The sim lest desi is four-thread cross twill : each warp thread is raised on two consecutive picks, and depresse on the fo lowing two. 'f 'i" It should be noted that in headings 52.08,52.09,52.10, 52.1 1, 55.13 and 55.14, the subheadings relating to " 3-thread or 4-thread twill, including double-faced twill or cross twill ", because of their restrictive wording, cover only those twills whose weave patterns are given below : 3-thread twill double-faced twill or cross twill Denim fabrics of subheadings 5209.42 and 52 11.42, however, do not include 4-thread double-faced twill or cross twill, since these subheadin s cover on1 warp faced fabrics (see Subheading Note 1 to Chapter 52). In addition to warp facecf3-thread twig and warp faced 4-thread twill, these subheadings also cover warp faced 4-thread broken twill, whose weave pattern is reproduced below : (11) CHAPTERS 56 TO 63 Chapters 56 to 63 cover certain kinds of textile fabrics and other textile articles not covered by Chapters 50 to 55 (e.g., pile fabrics; narrow woven fabrics; chenille yarn, gimped am, braids, galloons and other trimmings of heading 56.06 or 58.08; tulles and other net abrics; lace; embroidery on woven fabrics or other textile materials; knitted or crocheted goods). They also include (subject to exclusions regarding certain articles classified elsewhere than in Section XI) made up textile articles. f' Made up articles. Under Note 7 to this Section, the expression " made up " in Chapters 56 to 63 means : (1) Merely cut, otherwise than into s uares or rectangles, for exam le, dress patterns of textile material; articles with their e ges pinked (e.g., certain dustersf are also regarded as made up. (2) Produced in the finished state, ready for use (or mere1 needing separation by cutting B dividing threads) without sewing or other working. Goo s of this kind include roducts knitted or crocheted directly to sha e and certam dusters, towels, table clot% s, scarf squares, blankets, etc., with threads a ong the warp left unwoven or the weft edges cut to form a fringe. Such articles may have been woven separately on the loom, but ma also have been simply cut from lengths of fabric which have bands of unwoven Leads (generally warp threads) at regular intervals. These lengths of fabric, fiom which read made arhcles of the types described above may be obtained by simply cutting the divi&& threads, are also considered as " made up " articles. P However, rectangular (including square) articles sim 1 cut out cutting other working and not incorporating fiinges forme! regarded as " produced in the finished state " within the meaning these articles may be presented folded or put up in packings (e.g., for retail sale) does not affect their classification. $ (3) Cut to size and with at least one heat-sealed edge with a visibly tapered or com ressed border and the other edges treated as described in any other sub aragraph of this d t e , but excluding fabrics the cut edges of which have been prevente# from unravelling by hot cutting or by other simple means. (4) Hemmed or with rolled edges or with a knotted fringe (whether or not incorporating added threads) at an of the edges (e. ., handkerchiefs with rolled edges and table covers with knotted f i n e& but excluding abrics the cut edges of which have been prevented from unravelling y whipping or by other simple means. P % (5) Cut to size and incor orating drawn-thread work. In this connection" drawn-thread work" means sirnp1y.t e withdrawing of certain warp or weft threads after weaving without further operaQon e g b embroidery) on the material. The pieces of material so treated are often intended or&+ti er manufacture into lingerie. R $ (6) Assembled by sewin ,gumming or otherwise. These articles, which are very numerous, include garments. It s ould be noted, however, that piece goods consisting of two or more lengths of identical material joined end to end, or composed of two or more textiles assembled in layers, are not regarded as " made-u ". Nor are textile products in-the piece composed of one or more layers of textxle rnatena s assembled with padding by stitching or otherwise. % P (7) Knitted or crocheted to shape, whether presented as separate items or in the form of a number of items in the length. Subheading Explanatory Note. Products of Chapters 56 to 63 having a pile or looped surface The provisions of Subheading Note 2 (B) (b) to Section XI apply whether or not the ground fabric is partly visible on the pile or looped side. (111) TEXTILE PRODUCTS COMBINED WITH RUBBER THREADS Under Note 10 to this Section, elastic roducts consisting of textile materials combined with rubber threads are classified in Section I. Rubber thread and cord, textile covered, are included in heading 56.04. Other textile roducts combined with rubber threads are classified, in particular, in Chapters 50 to 5 5 , 5 8 or 6 to 63, as the case may be. (Iv)STANDARD ATMOSPHERES FOR CONDITIONING AND TESTING OF TEXTILES (A) Scope and field of application. The characteristics and use of standard atmos heres for conditioning and for determining the physical and mechanical properties of texti es are set out hereafter for guidance. I' (B) Definitions. (a) Relative humidity : The ratio of the actual pressure of the water va our in the atmosphere to the saturation vapour pressure at the same temperature. he ratio is usually expressed as a percentage. ! (b) Standard temperate atmos here : An atmosphere which has a relative humidity of 65 % and a temperature of 2 (c) Standard temperate atmosphere for testing : An atmosphere which has a relative humidity of 65 % and a temperature of 20 "C. NOTE - The adjective " temperate " as used above has been chosen for the limited use of the textile iudustry. (C) Pre-conditioning. Before conditioning a textile, pre-conditioning may be required. If so, the textile shall be brought a proximately to equilibrium in an atmosphere having a relative humidity of between 1 and 25 % and a temperature not exceeding 50 "C. These conditions may be obtained by heating air at 65 % relative humidity and 20 "C to a temperature of 50 "C. (D) Conditioning. Before a textile is tested to determine a physical or mechanical property, it shall be atmosphere for testing, zn such a way ~tthere for the time required to Unless otherwise specified in the method of test, the textile should be considered to be in equilibrium when successive weighings, at intervals of 2 hours, of the textile freely exposed to the moving air show no progressive change in weight greater than 0.25 %. (E) Testing. Except for special cases for example wet tests), ph sical and mechanical tests of textiles are carried out in the con 'tioned state in the standar temperate atmosphere for testing. 6, J'