WCO Explanatory Notes reproduced for reference. © World Customs Organization. Verify against official WCO publication.
84.07 - Spark-ignition reciprocating or rotary internal combustion piston engines (+). 8407.10 - Aircraft engines - Marine propulsion engines : 8407.2 1 - - Outboard motors 8407.29 - - Other - Reciprocating piston engines of a kind used for the propulsion of vehicles of Chapter 87 : 8407.31 - - Of a cylinder capacity not exceeding 50 cc 8407.32 - - Of a cylinder capacity exceeding 50 cc but not exceeding 250 cc 8407.33 - - Of a cylinder capacity exceeding 250 cc but not exceeding 1,000 cc 8407.34 - - Of a cylinder capacity exceeding 1,000 cc 8407.90 - Other engines This heading covers spark-ignition reci rocating internal combustion iston engines and rotary internal combustion iston en ines ( ankel engines having a trilo a1 disc type " ptston"), other than those of hapter 9%It includes such engines for motor vehicles. E 7R g These engines generally have the following elements : cylinder, piston, connecting-rod, crank shaft, flywheel, inlet and exhaust valves, etc. They make use of the expansion force of a charge of inflammable gas or vapour burned inside a cylinder. The characteristic feature of these engines is that the are equipped with sparking plugs fitted Z into the cylinder head and with electrical devices (suc as magnetos, coils and contact breakers) synchronised with the motor, for supplying high tension current. In the more-common types the fuel and air are mixed (e.g., in a carburettor) before induction into the cylinder by the suction stroke of the piston, but in some cases e.g., certain aircraft engines and motor car engines) the fuel is introduced into the cylinder ead directly by an injector. The most usual fuel is petrol, but others include kerosene, alcohol, hydrogen, coal gas, methane, etc. Gas engines are most frequently fed by producer gas enerators which are sometimes integral with the engine, but are more often independent. In t%e latter case the generators are always classified in heading 84.05. These engines may have one or several cylinders. In the latter case the connecting-rods are coupled to a single crank shaft, and the cylinders, fed separately, may be arranged m various ways, e.g., in a vertical line (upri t or inverted), in two symmetrical obliquely opposed rows (V-engines), horizontally oppose on opposite sides on the crank shaft or, for certain aircraft engines, radially. The rotary piston engine (Wankel engine) operates on the same pnnci le as the conventional plston engines described above. However, instead of a c r S : d turne by an oscillatin piston and connecting rod, the rotary iston engine has a trilobal disc (" piston ") in a special y shaped housing (epitrochoid), which d?rectly rotates a driving shaft. p f f The " piston " divides the housing (combustion chamber) into several compartments and each complete rotation corresponds for each lobe to a four-stroke cycle. These engines may have one or more housings with " pistons ". The engines of this heading are suitable for very many uses, e-g., in agricultural machines; for driving electric generators, pum s or compressors; for propelling aircraft, motorcars, motorcycles, autocycles, tractors or oats. g The engines of this heading may be e ipped with he1 injection pumps, ignition parts, fbel or oil reservoirs, water radiators, oil coo ers, water, oil or fuel pumps, blowers, air or oil filters, clutches or power drives, or starting devices (electric or other). Change speed gears may also be fitted. The engines may also be equlpped with a flexible shaft. y The heading includes " outboard motors " for the propulsion of small boats, consisting of a motor of this heading, a propeller and a steering device, the whole constitutin a single, indivisible unit. These motors, designed to be attached to the outside of the hull of e boat, are detachable, that is they can be attached and removed easily and are adjustable, the unit turning on the oint of attachment. However, motors designed to be fixed to the inside of the hull at the rear otule boat combined with a block holdin a steering ropeller fixed to the exterior of the boat at the corresponding place are not regarde as outboar motors. 6i f It also covers mobile motors consisting of engines mounted on a wheeled chassis or on runners, including those with drivin mechanisms permitting their self-propulsion to a certain extent (but not constituting vehicles o Chapter 87). ? The heading excludes variable compression motors of the spark-ignition internal combustion piston en ine type designed specially for determination of the octane and cetane vaIue of motor hels (ciapter 90). PARTS general provisions regardin the classification of parts (see the General Note to Section XVI), parts o the engines of this heading are classified in f
Notes. 1.- This Chapter does not cover : (a) Millstones, grindstones or other articles of Chapter 68; (b) Machinery or appliances (for example, pumps) of ceramic material and ceramic parts of machinery or appliances of any material (Chapter 69); (c) Laboratory glassware (heading 70.17); machinery, appliances or other articles for technical uses or parts thereof, of glass (heading 70.19 or 70.20); (d) Articles of heading 73.21 or 73.22 or similar articles of other base metals (Chapters 74 to 76 or 78 to 81); (e) Vacuum cleaners of heading 85.08; (f) Electro-mechanical domestic appliances of heading 85.09; digital cameras of heading 85.25; (g) Radiators for the articles of Section XVII; or (h) Hand-operated mechanical floor sweepers, not motorised (heading 96.03). 2.- Subject to the operation of Note 3 to Section XVI and subject to Note 11 to this Chapter, a machine or appliance which answers to a description in one or more of the headings 84.01 to 84.24, or heading 84.86 and at the same time to a description in one or more of the headings 84.25 to 84.80 is to be classified under the appropriate heading of the former group or under heading 84.86, as the case may be, and not the latter group. (A) Heading 84.19 does not, however, cover : (i) Germination plant, incubators or brooders (heading 84.36); (ii) Grain dampening machines (heading 84.37); (iii) Diffusing apparatus for sugar juice extraction (heading 84.38); (iv) Machinery for the heat-treatment of textile yarns, fabrics or made up textile articles (heading 84.51); or (v) Machinery, plant or laboratory equipment designed for a mechanical operation, in which a change of temperature, even if necessary, is subsidiary. (B) Heading 84.22 does not cover : (i) Sewing machines for closing bags or similar containers (heading 84.52); or (ii) Office machinery of heading 84.72. (C) Heading 84.24 does not cover : (i) Ink-jet printing machines (heading 84.43); or (ii) Water-jet cutting machines (heading 84.56). 3.- A machine-tool for working any material which answers to a description in heading 84.56 and at the same time to a description in heading 84.57, 84.58, 84.59, 84.60, 84.61, 84.64 or 84.65 is to be classified in heading 84.56. 4.- Heading 84.57 applies only to machine-tools for working metal, other than lathes (including turning centres), which can carry out different types of machining operations either : (a) by automatic tool change from a magazine or the like in conformity with a machining programme (machining centres), (b) by the automatic use, simultaneously or sequentially, of different unit heads working on a fixed position workpiece (unit construction machines, single station), or (c) by the automatic transfer of the workpiece to different unit heads (multi-station transfer machines). 5.- For the purposes of heading 84.62, a “slitting line” for flat products is a processing line composed of an uncoiler, a coil flattener, a slitter and a recoiler. A “cut-to-length line” for flat products is a processing line composed of an uncoiler, a coil flattener, and a shear. 6.- (A) For the purposes of heading 84.71, the expression “automatic data processing machines” means machines capable of : (i) Storing the processing program or programs and at least the data immediately necessary for the execution of the program; (ii) Being freely programmed in accordance with the requirements of the user; (iii) Performing arithmetical computations specified by the user; and (iv) Executing, without human intervention, a processing program which requires them to modify their execution, by logical decision during the processing run. (B) Automatic data processing machines may be in the form of systems consisting of a variable number of separate units. (C) Subject to paragraphs (D) and (E) below, a unit is to be regarded as being part of an automatic data processing system if it meets all of the following conditions : (i) It is of a kind solely or principally used in an automatic data processing system; (ii) It is connectable to the central processing unit either directly or through one or more other units; and (iii) It is able to accept or deliver data in a form (codes or signals) which can be used by the system. Separately presented units of an automatic data processing machine are to be classified in heading 84.71. However, keyboards, X-Y co-ordinate input devices and disk storage units which satisfy the conditions of paragraphs (C) (ii) and (C) (iii) above, are in all cases to be classified as units of heading 84.71. (D) Heading 84.71 does not cover the following when presented separately, even if they meet all of the conditions set forth in Note 6 (C) above : (i) Printers, copying machines, facsimile machines, whether or not combined; (ii) Apparatus for the transmission or reception of voice, images or other data, including apparatus for communication in a wired or wireless network (such as a local or wide area network); (iii) Loudspeakers and microphones; (iv) Television cameras, digital cameras and video camera recorders; (v) Monitors and projectors, not incorporating television reception apparatus. (E) Machines incorporating or working in conjunction with an automatic data processing machine and performing a specific function other than data processing are to be classified in the headings appropriate to their respective functions or, failing that, in residual headings. 7.- Heading 84.82 applies, inter alia, to polished steel balls, the maximum and minimum diameters of which do not differ from the nominal diameter by more than 1 % or by more than 0.05 mm, whichever is less. Other steel balls are to be classified in heading 73.26. 8.- A machine which is used for more than one purpose is, for the purposes of classification, to be treated as if its principal purpose were its sole purpose. Subject to Note 2 to this Chapter and Note 3 to Section XVI, a machine the principal purpose of which is not described in any heading or for which no one purpose is the principal purpose is, unless the context otherwise requires, to be classified in heading 84.79. Heading 84.79 also covers machines for making rope or cable (for example, stranding, twisting or cabling machines) from metal wire, textile yarn or any other material or from a combination of such materials. 9.- For the purposes of heading 84.70, the term “pocket-size” applies only to machines the dimensions of which do not exceed 170 mm x 100 mm x 45 mm. 10.- For the purposes of heading 84.85, the expression “additive manufacturing” (also referred to as 3D printing) means the formation of physical objects, based on a digital model, by the successive addition and layering, and consolidation and solidification, of material (for example, metal, plastics or ceramics). Subject to Note 1 to Section XVI and Note 1 to Chapter 84, machines answering to the description in heading 84.85 are to be classified in that heading and in no other heading of the Nomenclature. 11.- (A) Notes 12 (a) and 12 (b) to Chapter 85 also apply with respect to the expressions “semiconductor devices” and “electronic integrated circuits”, respectively, as used in this Note and in heading 84.86. However, for the purposes of this Note and of heading 84.86, the expression “semiconductor devices” also covers photosensitive semiconductor devices and light-emitting diodes (LED). (B) For the purposes of this Note and of heading 84.86, the expression “manufacture of flat panel displays” covers the fabrication of substrates into a flat panel. It does not cover the manufacture of glass or the assembly of printed circuit boards or other electronic components onto the flat panel. The expression “flat panel display” does not cover cathode-ray tube technology. (C) Heading 84.86 also includes machines and apparatus solely or principally of a kind used for : (i) the manufacture or repair of masks and reticles; (ii) assembling semiconductor devices or electronic integrated circuits; (iii) lifting, handling, loading or unloading of boules, wafers, semiconductor devices, electronic integrated circuits and flat panel displays. (D) Subject to Note 1 to Section XVI and Note 1 to Chapter 84, machines and apparatus answering to the description in heading 84.86 are to be classified in that heading and in no other heading of the Nomenclature. Subheading Notes. 1.- For the purposes of subheading 8465.20, the term “machining centres” applies only to machine-tools for working wood, cork, bone, hard rubber, hard plastics or similar hard materials, which can carry out different types of machining operations by automatic tool change from a magazine or the like in conformity with a machining programme. 2.- For the purposes of subheading 8471.49, the term “systems” means automatic data processing machines whose units satisfy the conditions laid down in Note 6 (C) to Chapter 84 and which comprise at least a central processing unit, one input unit (for example, a keyboard or a scanner), and one output unit (for example, a visual display unit or a printer). 3.- For the purposes of subheading 8481.20, the expression “valves for oleohydraulic or pneumatic transmissions” means valves which are used specifically in the transmission of “fluid power” in a hydraulic or pneumatic system, where the energy source is supplied in the form of pressurised fluids (liquid or gas). These valves may be of any type (for example, pressure-reducing type, check type). Subheading 8481.20 takes precedence over all other subheadings of heading 84.81. 4.- Subheading 8482.40 applies only to bearings with cylindrical rollers of a uniform diameter not exceeding 5 mm and having a length which is at least three times the diameter. The ends of the rollers may be rounded.