WCO Explanatory Notes reproduced for reference. © World Customs Organization. Verify against official WCO publication.
84.30 - Other moving, grading, levelling, scraping, excavating, tamping, compacting, extracting or boring machinery, for earth, minerals or ores; pde-drivers and pile-extractors; snow-ploughs and snow-blowers (+). 8430.10 - 8430.20 - Snow-ploughs and snow-blowers - Coal or rock cutters and tunnelling machinery : - - Self-propelled - - Other - Other boring or sinking machinery : - - Self-propelled - - Other - Other machinery, self-propelled - Other machinery, not self-propelled : - - Tamping or compacting machinery - - Other 8430.3 1 8430.39 8430.41 8430.49 8430.50 8430.61 8430.69 Pile-drivers and pile-extractors r This heading covers machine , other than the self-propelled machines of heading 84.29 and agricultural, horticu.Itura1 or orestry machinery (heading 84.32), for " attacking the earth's crust (e.g., for cuttxng and breaking down rock, earth, coal, etc.; earth excavation, dig g, drilling, etc.), or for preparing or compactin the terrain (e-g., scraping, levelling, gra mg, or rolling). It also includes pi e-drivers, gile-extractors, snow-ploughs, and :'%?2-;70wers. " k r SELF-PROPELLED AND OTHER " MOBILE " MACHINES In general, the heading covers not only fixed or stationary machines, but (with certain exceptions referred to below concerning machines mounted on transport e uipment of the type falling in Section XVII] also mobile machines, whether or not self-propelle~. The exceptions are (a) Machines mounted on vehicles proper to Chapter 86. Excavating, etc., machines are classified in heading 86.04 if they are mounted on wa ons or trucks, of a lnnd suitable for coupling into a tram running on a railway network o any gau e. Railroad ballast excavator-screening machines are often mounted on wagons or truc s complying with this condition. On the other hand, excavatin , etc., machines mounted on trucks or of true rai way rolling stock remain classified in for the servicing and maintenance of railway tracks also f f k (b) Machines mounted on tractors or motor vehicles proper to Chapter 87. (I) Machines mounted on tractor type bases. On the other hand, this heading covers self-propelled machines in which the propelling base, the operatin controls, the working tools and their actuating e uipment are s ecially designed or fittin together to form an integral mechanical unit.%his applies $r example, to a pm e!lng base resembling a tractor, but specially des~~ned: constructed or reinforce to form an integral part of a machine perfonning one or more of the functions mentioned in this heading (excavating,. levelling, etc.). Presented separately, such pro elling bases also fall m this headmg, as incomplete machines having the essential eatures of corn lete machines of the same hnd. Propelling bases potentially classifiable in several o?ule headings 84.25 to 84.30 because the can be equipped with several different working parts, are classified in accordance w i g ~ o t 3e to Section XVI or by application of Interpretative Rule 3 (c). f a P For more detailed criteria for distinguishing between the tractors of heading 87.01 and the propelling bases of this Chapter see Explanatory Note to heading 87.01. (2) Machines mounted on automobile chassis or lorries. Certain machines of this heading (e.g., ile-drivers, oil well drilling machines) are often mounted on what is in fact an essential? complete automobile chassis or lorry in that it comprises at least the following mechanicdfeatures : propelling engine, ear-box and conh-01~ for ear-changing, and steering and braking facilihes. Such assernbfes are classified in hea8ng 87.05 as special purpose motor vehicles. On the other hand, this headin includes self-propelled machines in which one or more of the propelling or control e ements referred to above are located in the cab of a machine mounted on a wheeled chassis, whether or not the whole can be driven on the road under its own power. The heading further includes self-propelled wheeled machines in which the chassis a d the working machine are specially designed for each other and form an inte a1 mechanical unit. In this case, the machine is not simply mounted on an automo ile chassis like the machines described in the first paragraph above, but is completely integrated with a chassis that cannot be used for other purposes and may incorporate the essential automobile features referred to above. r (c) Machiies on floating structures proper to Chapter 89. All machines (e. ., dredgers) mounted on pontoons or other floating structures, whether or not self-propelle$ are classified in Chapter 89. MULTI-FUNCTION MACHINES Many machines, in addition to carrying out the functions described in heading 84.29 or 84.30 p a v a t i n g , levellin ,boring, etc.), can also perform the functions described in heading 84.25, 4.26, 84.27 or 84.2 (liKmg, loading, etc.). These machines are classified in accordance with Note 3 to Section XVI or by application of Interpretative Rule 3 (c). Examples are combined coal-cutting and loading machines, combined trenching and pipe lifting and lowering machines, etc. The heading includes : (I) PILE-DRIVERS AND PILE-EXTRACTORS Pile-drivers consist of a hea hammer wei t usual1 operated in a tall vertical framework. The weight is raisJby mechanics power an then allowed to fall on to the ead o P B the pile either under gravity (single-acting machines) or under power (double-acting hammers). The heading also covers pile-extractors. (11) SNOW-PLOUGHS AND SNOW-BLOWERS Snow-ploughs and snow-blower vehicles of Section XVII with built-in e uipment are excluded. The heading, however, covers snow-ploughs designed to be pushed or pu led (blade types), e.g., those designed to be attached to lorries or tractors. (ID)EXTRACTING, CUTTING OR DRILLING MACHINERY This is mainly used in mining, well-drilling, tunnelling, quarrying, clay cutting, etc. (A) Coal or rock cutters for cutting or breaking down coal, ores, etc. They consist of a bar or disc fitted with picks, or, more often, of an endless cutting chain running round a metal jib which may be adjustable for level and (universal cutters). They may be and some (cutter loaders) may mounted on self-propelled wheeled or be very large, incorporating a number a built-in conveyor for loading the cut material on to the face conveyor, tubs, etc. (B) Tunnelling machinery. Tunnelling shields have smooth outer surfaces and sharp front cutting edges which are pushed forward into the soil by a hydraulic jacking system. (C) Machines for boring drill holes in rock, coal, etc., and ercussion type cutters in which the drill can be swung to make linear cuts. But the he&ng erelodes such tools for working in the hand, pneumatic, hydraulic or with self-contained motor (heading 84.67). (D) Well sinking or borin machines for the extraction of petroleum, natural gases, sulphur (Fasch process), etc., r!f raising strata samples in mining and oil well prospecting, for the sinking of artesian wells, etc. These machines are of two main types : (1) Rotary well sinking machinery consistin essentially of a derrick fitted with pulley tackle, a hoist drum with transmission an control gear (draw-work), a swivel and a rotary table or gear-wheel. d The power-driven draw-work imparts a rotary movement to the drill pipes by means of the rotary table or gear-wheel, the drill ipes being suspended fiom the rotary swivel. The draw-work also raises and lowers e drill pipes, when required, by means of the pulley tackle. tR (2) Percussion machines consisting of an eccentric-driven rocker beam, the see-saw action of which causes the bit to strike continually into the well floor. It should be noted that this heading covers only drilling machines as such. Other uite distinct machines normally used therewith are excluded even if presented with the dri ing machines, e.g., pumps and compressors to force mud, stone, etc., out of the drilling (heading 84.13 or 84.14). R Fixed platforms used for the discovery or exploitation of off-shore deposits of oil or natural gas are also classified here. Floating or submersible platforms fall in heading 89.05. (E) Augering machines, hand or power operated, for boring holes in the ground (e.g., for settmg trees or fencing posts), but not including hand tools of Chapter 82. (F) Hydraulic wed es consist of a long barrel with a number of pistons set laterally at f intervals along t e length. They are laced in a fissure or drill hole and the istons are forced out by pumping water into the arrel, thus breaking down the rock or coaf: g (G) Ploughs, strip ers, etc., consist of cutter blades, ploughs, icks, wedges, etc., which are forced along tfe face, slicing off the coal, clay, etc., and oading it directly on to face conveyors, etc. S (IV)TAMPTNG OR COMPACTING MACHINlES This group includes : (A) Road rollers desi ned to be pushed or towed. This grou includes " sheep's-foot" tamping rollers stu ded with metal feet which press into the sol , and tamping rol ers made up of a series of lorry type wheels with heavy grade pneumatic tyres mounted on a cornman axle. d However, the headin excludes self-propelled road rollers, whether or not fitted with " sheep's-feet" or wifh solid or pneumatic tyres (heading 84.29) and agricultural rollers (heading 84.32). (l3) Tamping machines as used in road making, for packin ballast, etc., not ulic or with self-contained Lrail-road self-propelled. Tools for working in the hand, neurnatic, hy motor, are, however, excluded (heading 84.67% (C) Machines, usually pneumatic, for compacting the sides of embankments, etc. (V) EARTH EXCAVATING, SCRAPING OR LEVELLING MACHINERY This group includes : (A) Di ging or excavating machines described in Explanatory Note to heading 84.29, not sel -propelled. ! (B) Dredgers (bucket or shovel type), similar to the multibucket excavators of heading 84.29. Floating dredgers are excluded (heading 89.05). (C) Railroad ballast excavator-screenin machines, consisting essentially of a continuous chain of buckets which dig the ballast om under the railway tracks. They also incorporate mechanisms for screening and discharging the ballast, But see paragraph a) at the of this Explanatory Note regarding machines mounted on ve cles of %tP%f6. !i 6, @) Rippers, rooters and scarifiers fitted with cutting teeth which loosen the top soil, break up o d road surfaces, etc., prior to re-laying. (E) Skimmers, a q e of excavatin shovel similar to those of heading 84.29 with a horizontal boom; used for ' skimming " off the top soil. PARTS general provisions regarding the classification of parts (see the General Note to Section XVI), parts of the machines of this heading are classified in The heading also excludes : (a) Hydraulic guns designed for dislodging minerals (e.g., gold bearing sands) fiom hill sides, etc., by projecting powerful water jets (heading 84.24). (b) Agricultural rollers, consisting of a relatively long light land roller of small diameter, in some cases propelled by a small internal combustion engine (heading 84.32). (c) Power tools (e.g., picks, tampers and drills) for working in the hand, of heading 84.67. (d) Apparatus for cutting or piercing rock or concrete, using the high temperature produced by burning iron or steel in a jet of oxygen (heading 84.79).
Notes. 1.- This Chapter does not cover : (a) Millstones, grindstones or other articles of Chapter 68; (b) Machinery or appliances (for example, pumps) of ceramic material and ceramic parts of machinery or appliances of any material (Chapter 69); (c) Laboratory glassware (heading 70.17); machinery, appliances or other articles for technical uses or parts thereof, of glass (heading 70.19 or 70.20); (d) Articles of heading 73.21 or 73.22 or similar articles of other base metals (Chapters 74 to 76 or 78 to 81); (e) Vacuum cleaners of heading 85.08; (f) Electro-mechanical domestic appliances of heading 85.09; digital cameras of heading 85.25; (g) Radiators for the articles of Section XVII; or (h) Hand-operated mechanical floor sweepers, not motorised (heading 96.03). 2.- Subject to the operation of Note 3 to Section XVI and subject to Note 11 to this Chapter, a machine or appliance which answers to a description in one or more of the headings 84.01 to 84.24, or heading 84.86 and at the same time to a description in one or more of the headings 84.25 to 84.80 is to be classified under the appropriate heading of the former group or under heading 84.86, as the case may be, and not the latter group. (A) Heading 84.19 does not, however, cover : (i) Germination plant, incubators or brooders (heading 84.36); (ii) Grain dampening machines (heading 84.37); (iii) Diffusing apparatus for sugar juice extraction (heading 84.38); (iv) Machinery for the heat-treatment of textile yarns, fabrics or made up textile articles (heading 84.51); or (v) Machinery, plant or laboratory equipment designed for a mechanical operation, in which a change of temperature, even if necessary, is subsidiary. (B) Heading 84.22 does not cover : (i) Sewing machines for closing bags or similar containers (heading 84.52); or (ii) Office machinery of heading 84.72. (C) Heading 84.24 does not cover : (i) Ink-jet printing machines (heading 84.43); or (ii) Water-jet cutting machines (heading 84.56). 3.- A machine-tool for working any material which answers to a description in heading 84.56 and at the same time to a description in heading 84.57, 84.58, 84.59, 84.60, 84.61, 84.64 or 84.65 is to be classified in heading 84.56. 4.- Heading 84.57 applies only to machine-tools for working metal, other than lathes (including turning centres), which can carry out different types of machining operations either : (a) by automatic tool change from a magazine or the like in conformity with a machining programme (machining centres), (b) by the automatic use, simultaneously or sequentially, of different unit heads working on a fixed position workpiece (unit construction machines, single station), or (c) by the automatic transfer of the workpiece to different unit heads (multi-station transfer machines). 5.- For the purposes of heading 84.62, a “slitting line” for flat products is a processing line composed of an uncoiler, a coil flattener, a slitter and a recoiler. A “cut-to-length line” for flat products is a processing line composed of an uncoiler, a coil flattener, and a shear. 6.- (A) For the purposes of heading 84.71, the expression “automatic data processing machines” means machines capable of : (i) Storing the processing program or programs and at least the data immediately necessary for the execution of the program; (ii) Being freely programmed in accordance with the requirements of the user; (iii) Performing arithmetical computations specified by the user; and (iv) Executing, without human intervention, a processing program which requires them to modify their execution, by logical decision during the processing run. (B) Automatic data processing machines may be in the form of systems consisting of a variable number of separate units. (C) Subject to paragraphs (D) and (E) below, a unit is to be regarded as being part of an automatic data processing system if it meets all of the following conditions : (i) It is of a kind solely or principally used in an automatic data processing system; (ii) It is connectable to the central processing unit either directly or through one or more other units; and (iii) It is able to accept or deliver data in a form (codes or signals) which can be used by the system. Separately presented units of an automatic data processing machine are to be classified in heading 84.71. However, keyboards, X-Y co-ordinate input devices and disk storage units which satisfy the conditions of paragraphs (C) (ii) and (C) (iii) above, are in all cases to be classified as units of heading 84.71. (D) Heading 84.71 does not cover the following when presented separately, even if they meet all of the conditions set forth in Note 6 (C) above : (i) Printers, copying machines, facsimile machines, whether or not combined; (ii) Apparatus for the transmission or reception of voice, images or other data, including apparatus for communication in a wired or wireless network (such as a local or wide area network); (iii) Loudspeakers and microphones; (iv) Television cameras, digital cameras and video camera recorders; (v) Monitors and projectors, not incorporating television reception apparatus. (E) Machines incorporating or working in conjunction with an automatic data processing machine and performing a specific function other than data processing are to be classified in the headings appropriate to their respective functions or, failing that, in residual headings. 7.- Heading 84.82 applies, inter alia, to polished steel balls, the maximum and minimum diameters of which do not differ from the nominal diameter by more than 1 % or by more than 0.05 mm, whichever is less. Other steel balls are to be classified in heading 73.26. 8.- A machine which is used for more than one purpose is, for the purposes of classification, to be treated as if its principal purpose were its sole purpose. Subject to Note 2 to this Chapter and Note 3 to Section XVI, a machine the principal purpose of which is not described in any heading or for which no one purpose is the principal purpose is, unless the context otherwise requires, to be classified in heading 84.79. Heading 84.79 also covers machines for making rope or cable (for example, stranding, twisting or cabling machines) from metal wire, textile yarn or any other material or from a combination of such materials. 9.- For the purposes of heading 84.70, the term “pocket-size” applies only to machines the dimensions of which do not exceed 170 mm x 100 mm x 45 mm. 10.- For the purposes of heading 84.85, the expression “additive manufacturing” (also referred to as 3D printing) means the formation of physical objects, based on a digital model, by the successive addition and layering, and consolidation and solidification, of material (for example, metal, plastics or ceramics). Subject to Note 1 to Section XVI and Note 1 to Chapter 84, machines answering to the description in heading 84.85 are to be classified in that heading and in no other heading of the Nomenclature. 11.- (A) Notes 12 (a) and 12 (b) to Chapter 85 also apply with respect to the expressions “semiconductor devices” and “electronic integrated circuits”, respectively, as used in this Note and in heading 84.86. However, for the purposes of this Note and of heading 84.86, the expression “semiconductor devices” also covers photosensitive semiconductor devices and light-emitting diodes (LED). (B) For the purposes of this Note and of heading 84.86, the expression “manufacture of flat panel displays” covers the fabrication of substrates into a flat panel. It does not cover the manufacture of glass or the assembly of printed circuit boards or other electronic components onto the flat panel. The expression “flat panel display” does not cover cathode-ray tube technology. (C) Heading 84.86 also includes machines and apparatus solely or principally of a kind used for : (i) the manufacture or repair of masks and reticles; (ii) assembling semiconductor devices or electronic integrated circuits; (iii) lifting, handling, loading or unloading of boules, wafers, semiconductor devices, electronic integrated circuits and flat panel displays. (D) Subject to Note 1 to Section XVI and Note 1 to Chapter 84, machines and apparatus answering to the description in heading 84.86 are to be classified in that heading and in no other heading of the Nomenclature. Subheading Notes. 1.- For the purposes of subheading 8465.20, the term “machining centres” applies only to machine-tools for working wood, cork, bone, hard rubber, hard plastics or similar hard materials, which can carry out different types of machining operations by automatic tool change from a magazine or the like in conformity with a machining programme. 2.- For the purposes of subheading 8471.49, the term “systems” means automatic data processing machines whose units satisfy the conditions laid down in Note 6 (C) to Chapter 84 and which comprise at least a central processing unit, one input unit (for example, a keyboard or a scanner), and one output unit (for example, a visual display unit or a printer). 3.- For the purposes of subheading 8481.20, the expression “valves for oleohydraulic or pneumatic transmissions” means valves which are used specifically in the transmission of “fluid power” in a hydraulic or pneumatic system, where the energy source is supplied in the form of pressurised fluids (liquid or gas). These valves may be of any type (for example, pressure-reducing type, check type). Subheading 8481.20 takes precedence over all other subheadings of heading 84.81. 4.- Subheading 8482.40 applies only to bearings with cylindrical rollers of a uniform diameter not exceeding 5 mm and having a length which is at least three times the diameter. The ends of the rollers may be rounded.