Dobbies and jacquards; card reducing, copying, punching

84.46 Weaving machines (looms). - For weaving fabrics of a width not exceeding 30 crn 8446.10 - For weaving fabrics of a width exceeding 30 cm, shuttle type : 8446.21 - - Power looms 8446.29 - - Other 8446.30 - For weaving fabrics of a width exceeding 30 cn, shuttleless type This heading covers weaving machines for the production of fabrics by weaving, using textile (including peat fibre) yams or other yarns (e.g., of metal, glass or asbestos). In these machines the warp and weft yarns are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric. r In the simplest weave, the sheet of warp arns fiom the warp beam divides into two groups of alternate yarns, each group being control ed by a harness; these harnesses alternately raise and lower their warp yarns to form an angle (known as the shed) between the two grou s of yarns through which passes the weft yam (in conventional looms carried by a shuttle? which is immediately beaten up against the precedin weft by the reed; the raisin or lowering of the groups of warp yarn is then reversed by the arnesses, entrap ing the weff and forming a new shed for the next line of weft. On ordinary looms up to eight arnesses can be used to vary the order in which the warp yarns are raised and so produce a certain variation in the weave. a g licated weaves. For example, some looms have a More complex looms can execute warp (dobbies, Jacquards, etc.) so as to control a special system for controlling the single warp threads; or special devices can be greater number of groups of warp used to roduce certain special fabrics (leno mechanisms, warp pile (or Terry) attachments, swivel s uttle attachments for brochk work). Other looms have devices for changin the shuttles (or the bobbins in the shuttles), thus introducing wefts of different colours or di erent yarns; Looms often include certain other mechanical or electrical devices (e.g., for replenishin the bobbins in the shuttles when necessary, or for stopping the loom if a warp or weft threa breaks). R # i Most of these special devices may either form an integral art of the loom, or be mounted on an ordinary loom as auxiliary removable attachments; the atter type of attachment is classified here provided it is presented with the loom for which it is intended, but if presented separately it is excluded (generally heading 84.48). f Looms usually produce a flat fabric but there are circular looms which produce a tubular fabric; in these one or more shuttles, moved either mechanically or by electro-magnets, interlace a weft with a vertical series of warp threads arranged in a circle. Different types of looms ma be named according to their type of mechanism or accordin to the type of fabric the pro uce, for example, clobby looms, Jac uard looms, automatic %ox motion looms, shuttle ess looms in which the weft is inserted ei9,er by compressed air or a water jet or by a long needle, or drawn across from a fixed bobbin by a series of projectiles, ribbon looms (e ., bar looms, Zurich looms and drum looms), pile fabric looms, carpet looms including knotte pile carpet looms. r J' d The heading also includes : (1) Hand looms. (2) Looms for weavin clotl: of wire or metallised arn provided they are of the same type as textile weavin koms. such looms must Kave all the essential mechanical parts characteristic o textile v~eavinglooms, i.e., a warp beam, frame harnesses for forming the shed, the mechanism wl ich passes the weft wire or yarn through the shed at right angles and entraps it in the waq yarns and a cloth beam for winding the cloth as lt is produced. f However, the heading excludes machines designed for interlacing wire, by various processes, to form heavy wire grill or netting (see Explanatory Note to heading 84.63). PARTS AND ACCESSORIES Sub'ect to the general previsions regarding the classification of parts (see the General Exp anatory Note to Section XVI), parts and accessories of weaving machines of this heading are classified in heading 84.4 8.