WCO Explanatory Notes reproduced for reference. © World Customs Organization. Verify against official WCO publication.
84.51 Machinery (other than machines of heading 84.50) for washing, cleaning, wringing, drying, ironing, pressing (including fusing presses), bleaching, dyeing, dressing, finishmg, coating or impregnating textile yarns, fabrics or made up textile articles and machines for applylng the paste to the base fabric or other support used in the manufacture of floor coverings such as linoleum; machines for reeling, unreeling, folding, cutting or pinking textile fabrics. 845 1.10 - Dry cleaning machines - Drying machines : 845 1.21 8451.29 - - Each of a dry linen capacity not exceeding 10 kg - - Other 845 1.30 - Ironing machines and presses (including fusing presses) 845 1.40 - Washing, bleaching or dyeing machines 845 1.80 - Machines for reeling, unreeling, folding, cutting or pinking textile fabrics - Other machinery 845 1.90 - Parts 845 1.50 This heading covers a wide variety of machines which are used : (I) For the washing, bleaching, wringing, cleaning, ironing, dyein dryin or the like of textile yarns, fabrics or made u textile articles, but excluding house old or aundry-type washing machines (heading 84. 0). S I f or weavin respectively to earing, fulfia. , lustring , or or coating), %ut excluding (111) For the reeling, unreeling, folding, cutting or pinking of textile fabrics. Many of the machines of this heading are nothing more than vats, tanks, troughs or other containers, fitted with simple mechanical features such as rollers for leading in the yam or fabric or for squeezin out excess liquid, stirring paddles, etc. Such machines are used for a variety of washing, bleackbg, dyeing, cleaning, etc., operations, or for fiioishing operations involving coating or impregnating (e-g., with size or wrth waterproofing, crease-resisting, fireproofing, moth-proofine, rot-proofing, etc., compounds). To fall in the heading, the apparatus must have such mechanical features and must be clearly intended for treating textiles. (A) MACHINERY FOR WASHING, WRINGING, IRONING OR PRESSING WHETHER OR NOT FITTED WITH HEATING DEVICES This group includes : (1) Industrial washing machines, excluding washing machines of headin 84.50, for yarns or woven fabrics or textile articles. This heading includes, for examp e, tunnel washers through which hanks of yarn are drawn, successively sprayed to wash them and dried, as well as festoon loop washers for piece goods. f This heading covers industrial washing machines used durin the manufacturing process of fabrics and textiles, in which the equtpment is used in finis ing or to remove sizing from the manufactured goods. E (2) Wringers and mangles. (3) Shaker-tumblers used in laundries to untangle the damp pieces and open them out ready for ironing. (4) Ironing machines and steam presses for pressing garments (including fusing resses) but excluding smoothing or ironing machines of the calender type, whether or not or domestic use, of heading 84.20. P (B) BLEACHING OR DYEING MACHINERY These include J-boxes used in bleaching or other wet finishing operations; they consist essentially of a vertical two-armed container, shaped like a letter J, fitted with internal steam jets and with rollers to guide the cloth. The fabric, previously impregnated by passing throu h a bath of bleaching liquor, enters the longer arm where it remains for the time require for the bleaching to take effect, and in due course emerges fiom the smaller arm. f are mainly vat-type machines already referred to, adapted for of textile goods (e.g., yams in hanks or skeins or in balls, on or made up articles). The group also includes machines for d ein or in open width; the essential feature of these machines is &at t\ey squeezing out excess liquid. (C) DRY CLEANING MACHINERY These clean with liquids usually complex machines the goods being cleaned, the inflammable nature of drive for the washer and water. They are liquid through and storage tanks. In view of an explosion-proof motor (D) DRYING MACHINES These machines are classified here only if they are clearly designed and specialised for the drylng of textile arns, fabrics or made up articles. They are of two mam types : those consisting essentially of a c osed chamber in which the goods to be dried are subjected to the action of hot air, and those in which fabrics are passed over heated rollers. r The headin excludes dryers not specialised for the treatment of textile goods (heading 84.19), and centrihgal tryers (heading 84-21). (E) DRESSING OR FINISHING MACHINES This group includes (1) Mercerising machines in which yarns or fabric are treated with caustic soda. (2) Beetling machines in which rows of wooden headed or cast-steel hammers, mounted spirally on a roller, consolidate the cloth by beating; they close up the interstices of the weave and improve the lustre of the fabric. (3) Rotary milling machines. These machines close up the warp and weft threads and effect a partial felting on the surface. Stock or hammer mills, mainly used in the manufacture of felt, are excluded (heading 84.49). (4) Picking or burlin machines, used in the removal of imperfections or pieces of burr still remainmg in the fa rics. % (5) Raising machines, used to raise the surface fibres of a cloth. They consist essentially of a large cylinder, mounted either with slats or frames into which teasels can be set, or with smaller cylinders fitted with fine wire points. (6) Machines for beating the backs of fabrics to make the surface hairs stand up. (7) Cro ping machines to shear the surface of the fabric level after teaseling; similar m a c k e s are used in the finishing of velvets. By using indented bed-plates or rollers, patterned effects can be obtained. (8) Ratine or rip ling machines used to form wave or bead effects on raised fabrics, by rolling and cwyin together bunches of fibres. They consist of a plush covered table over which another tab e (covered with rubber, felt or emery) swings wth a short oscillating and circular motion. f' (9) Brushing machines; these comprise revolving cylindrical brushes for brushing the fabric after raising or cropping. (10) Singeing machines for removing the hairiness of y a m or cloth. These work by rapidly passing the cloth over heated cylinders or curved plates, or over gas flames. (11) Machines for polishing or glazing string, for polishing silk yarn in hanks, or for polishing silk fabrics. (12) Emery machines for producing a smooth, even surface on fabrics. (13) Cylindrical presses operating on a flat or semi-circular bed-plate to roduce a surface lustre. Calendering machines (heading 84.20) and general purpose ydraulic presses (heading 84.79) are also used for this purpose. \ (14) Decatising machines in which the fabric is steam-treated to fix the fmal finish and set of the cloth; also similar machines for conditioning yarns or fabrics by steam-treatment. (1 5) Stentering (tentering) machines for restoring the fabric to its proper width. (16) Shrinking machines, which close up the weft threads to produce a close fabric less likely to shrink subsequently. (17) Coating or impregnating machines for applying special surface coatings to yarns or fabrics, or for impregnating them with special reparations (e. ., gum, starch, size, w*, lastics, rubber or water-proofing compounds). he heading inc udes machines for coating Fabric, paperboard, etc., m the manufacture of floor covenn s such as linoleum, and also the dressing machines described in the last sentence of Part above. f f (6 (18) Fancy yarn manufacturing machines in which the special effect is produced after the spinnlng and doubling of the yarn (e.g., machines for ornamenting yarn with small drops of gelatin or wax). (F) MACHINES FOR REELJNG, UNREELING, FOLDING, CUTTING OR PINKING TEXTILE FABRICS This group includes : (I) Cloth folding or reeling machines, which fold the cloth lengthwise or across the width, or roll it on to a support; also inspection machines incorporatin foIding or reeling devices, for inspecting fabrics for defects. Any of these machines may e combined with measuring apparatus. E (2) Cloth cutting or pinking machines, including machines for cutting out patterns or parts of garments, etc. The following are also classified here : (1) Steaming apparatus (steam dummies, busts for steam ironing) for outer garments. (2) Machinery and apparatus (tables, etc.) for folding linen already ironed (for example, handkerch~efs,sheets, tablecloths). (3) Machinery and ap aratus for boiling and washing wool fabric in order to scour it before bleaching or yeing. f (4) Machines for removing gum from fabrics before bleaching or dyeing. (5) Machines for treating fabrics with a lye of soda or potassium before bleaching or dyeing. (6) Steam machines for humidifying yarns, fabrics and other textile products. (7) Form setting and f d n g machines (thermosetting), including machines for preforming or forming stockings or socks. (8) Machines for the impregnation and drawing of fabrics for pneumatic tyres. (9) Machines for inking textile ribbons for typewriters and the like. (10) Machines for breaking up the finish of fabrics. (11) Machines for flocking fabrics, for example, electrostatic flocking machines. (12) Fabric-pleating machines. (13) Appliances for cleaning carpets in situ by injecting a liquid cleaning solution into the et, the solution then bein extracted by suction, designed for use in establishments ?%er than domestic premisesy such as hotels, motels, hospitals, offices, restaurants and schools. PARTS Sub'ect to the general provisions regardin the classification of parts (see the General Exp anatory Note to Section XVI), the beating also covers parts of the machines of this beading. The heading also excludes : (a) Autoclaves, steam-jacketed vats and other heating apparatus not identifiable as being for the heat-treatment of textiles (heading 84.19). (b) Calendering machines (for glossing, glazing, smoothing, embossing, moireing, etc.) and their cylinders (heading 84.20). (c) Centrihgal dryers and other centrifuges of heading 84.21.
Notes. 1.- This Chapter does not cover : (a) Millstones, grindstones or other articles of Chapter 68; (b) Machinery or appliances (for example, pumps) of ceramic material and ceramic parts of machinery or appliances of any material (Chapter 69); (c) Laboratory glassware (heading 70.17); machinery, appliances or other articles for technical uses or parts thereof, of glass (heading 70.19 or 70.20); (d) Articles of heading 73.21 or 73.22 or similar articles of other base metals (Chapters 74 to 76 or 78 to 81); (e) Vacuum cleaners of heading 85.08; (f) Electro-mechanical domestic appliances of heading 85.09; digital cameras of heading 85.25; (g) Radiators for the articles of Section XVII; or (h) Hand-operated mechanical floor sweepers, not motorised (heading 96.03). 2.- Subject to the operation of Note 3 to Section XVI and subject to Note 11 to this Chapter, a machine or appliance which answers to a description in one or more of the headings 84.01 to 84.24, or heading 84.86 and at the same time to a description in one or more of the headings 84.25 to 84.80 is to be classified under the appropriate heading of the former group or under heading 84.86, as the case may be, and not the latter group. (A) Heading 84.19 does not, however, cover : (i) Germination plant, incubators or brooders (heading 84.36); (ii) Grain dampening machines (heading 84.37); (iii) Diffusing apparatus for sugar juice extraction (heading 84.38); (iv) Machinery for the heat-treatment of textile yarns, fabrics or made up textile articles (heading 84.51); or (v) Machinery, plant or laboratory equipment designed for a mechanical operation, in which a change of temperature, even if necessary, is subsidiary. (B) Heading 84.22 does not cover : (i) Sewing machines for closing bags or similar containers (heading 84.52); or (ii) Office machinery of heading 84.72. (C) Heading 84.24 does not cover : (i) Ink-jet printing machines (heading 84.43); or (ii) Water-jet cutting machines (heading 84.56). 3.- A machine-tool for working any material which answers to a description in heading 84.56 and at the same time to a description in heading 84.57, 84.58, 84.59, 84.60, 84.61, 84.64 or 84.65 is to be classified in heading 84.56. 4.- Heading 84.57 applies only to machine-tools for working metal, other than lathes (including turning centres), which can carry out different types of machining operations either : (a) by automatic tool change from a magazine or the like in conformity with a machining programme (machining centres), (b) by the automatic use, simultaneously or sequentially, of different unit heads working on a fixed position workpiece (unit construction machines, single station), or (c) by the automatic transfer of the workpiece to different unit heads (multi-station transfer machines). 5.- For the purposes of heading 84.62, a “slitting line” for flat products is a processing line composed of an uncoiler, a coil flattener, a slitter and a recoiler. A “cut-to-length line” for flat products is a processing line composed of an uncoiler, a coil flattener, and a shear. 6.- (A) For the purposes of heading 84.71, the expression “automatic data processing machines” means machines capable of : (i) Storing the processing program or programs and at least the data immediately necessary for the execution of the program; (ii) Being freely programmed in accordance with the requirements of the user; (iii) Performing arithmetical computations specified by the user; and (iv) Executing, without human intervention, a processing program which requires them to modify their execution, by logical decision during the processing run. (B) Automatic data processing machines may be in the form of systems consisting of a variable number of separate units. (C) Subject to paragraphs (D) and (E) below, a unit is to be regarded as being part of an automatic data processing system if it meets all of the following conditions : (i) It is of a kind solely or principally used in an automatic data processing system; (ii) It is connectable to the central processing unit either directly or through one or more other units; and (iii) It is able to accept or deliver data in a form (codes or signals) which can be used by the system. Separately presented units of an automatic data processing machine are to be classified in heading 84.71. However, keyboards, X-Y co-ordinate input devices and disk storage units which satisfy the conditions of paragraphs (C) (ii) and (C) (iii) above, are in all cases to be classified as units of heading 84.71. (D) Heading 84.71 does not cover the following when presented separately, even if they meet all of the conditions set forth in Note 6 (C) above : (i) Printers, copying machines, facsimile machines, whether or not combined; (ii) Apparatus for the transmission or reception of voice, images or other data, including apparatus for communication in a wired or wireless network (such as a local or wide area network); (iii) Loudspeakers and microphones; (iv) Television cameras, digital cameras and video camera recorders; (v) Monitors and projectors, not incorporating television reception apparatus. (E) Machines incorporating or working in conjunction with an automatic data processing machine and performing a specific function other than data processing are to be classified in the headings appropriate to their respective functions or, failing that, in residual headings. 7.- Heading 84.82 applies, inter alia, to polished steel balls, the maximum and minimum diameters of which do not differ from the nominal diameter by more than 1 % or by more than 0.05 mm, whichever is less. Other steel balls are to be classified in heading 73.26. 8.- A machine which is used for more than one purpose is, for the purposes of classification, to be treated as if its principal purpose were its sole purpose. Subject to Note 2 to this Chapter and Note 3 to Section XVI, a machine the principal purpose of which is not described in any heading or for which no one purpose is the principal purpose is, unless the context otherwise requires, to be classified in heading 84.79. Heading 84.79 also covers machines for making rope or cable (for example, stranding, twisting or cabling machines) from metal wire, textile yarn or any other material or from a combination of such materials. 9.- For the purposes of heading 84.70, the term “pocket-size” applies only to machines the dimensions of which do not exceed 170 mm x 100 mm x 45 mm. 10.- For the purposes of heading 84.85, the expression “additive manufacturing” (also referred to as 3D printing) means the formation of physical objects, based on a digital model, by the successive addition and layering, and consolidation and solidification, of material (for example, metal, plastics or ceramics). Subject to Note 1 to Section XVI and Note 1 to Chapter 84, machines answering to the description in heading 84.85 are to be classified in that heading and in no other heading of the Nomenclature. 11.- (A) Notes 12 (a) and 12 (b) to Chapter 85 also apply with respect to the expressions “semiconductor devices” and “electronic integrated circuits”, respectively, as used in this Note and in heading 84.86. However, for the purposes of this Note and of heading 84.86, the expression “semiconductor devices” also covers photosensitive semiconductor devices and light-emitting diodes (LED). (B) For the purposes of this Note and of heading 84.86, the expression “manufacture of flat panel displays” covers the fabrication of substrates into a flat panel. It does not cover the manufacture of glass or the assembly of printed circuit boards or other electronic components onto the flat panel. The expression “flat panel display” does not cover cathode-ray tube technology. (C) Heading 84.86 also includes machines and apparatus solely or principally of a kind used for : (i) the manufacture or repair of masks and reticles; (ii) assembling semiconductor devices or electronic integrated circuits; (iii) lifting, handling, loading or unloading of boules, wafers, semiconductor devices, electronic integrated circuits and flat panel displays. (D) Subject to Note 1 to Section XVI and Note 1 to Chapter 84, machines and apparatus answering to the description in heading 84.86 are to be classified in that heading and in no other heading of the Nomenclature. Subheading Notes. 1.- For the purposes of subheading 8465.20, the term “machining centres” applies only to machine-tools for working wood, cork, bone, hard rubber, hard plastics or similar hard materials, which can carry out different types of machining operations by automatic tool change from a magazine or the like in conformity with a machining programme. 2.- For the purposes of subheading 8471.49, the term “systems” means automatic data processing machines whose units satisfy the conditions laid down in Note 6 (C) to Chapter 84 and which comprise at least a central processing unit, one input unit (for example, a keyboard or a scanner), and one output unit (for example, a visual display unit or a printer). 3.- For the purposes of subheading 8481.20, the expression “valves for oleohydraulic or pneumatic transmissions” means valves which are used specifically in the transmission of “fluid power” in a hydraulic or pneumatic system, where the energy source is supplied in the form of pressurised fluids (liquid or gas). These valves may be of any type (for example, pressure-reducing type, check type). Subheading 8481.20 takes precedence over all other subheadings of heading 84.81. 4.- Subheading 8482.40 applies only to bearings with cylindrical rollers of a uniform diameter not exceeding 5 mm and having a length which is at least three times the diameter. The ends of the rollers may be rounded.