WCO Explanatory Notes reproduced for reference. © World Customs Organization. Verify against official WCO publication.
84.53 - Machinery for preparing, tanning or working hides, skins or leather or for making or repairing footwear or other arlicles of hides, skins or leather, other than sewing machmes. 8453.10 - Machinery for preparing, tanning or working hides, skins or leather 8453.20 - Machinery for making or repairing footwear 8453.80 - Other machinery This headin covers machine for preparin hides or skins (including furskins) ready for tanning, mac inery for effecting t e tanning (inc udmg parchmentmg) rocesses, and mach~nery for the subsequent finishing operations. It also covers machinery use for making or re airing articles of hide, skins or leather (e.g., for making leather footwear, gloves or travel goo s). But the heading excludes sewing machines (heading 84.52). E: i' a (I) MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, TANNING OR WORKING HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER Many machines of this group are, in practice, used at several stages in the processing of hides or skins (e.g., in the waslung, pre-tanning, dyeing or other finishmg processes). Such machines include special vats, drums, washers, etc., inco orating mechamcal features such as stirrers, rotating mechanisms or devices for manipulating e skins. '5, This group also includes, inter alia : (1) De-hairing machines, which remove from the raw skins the hairs previously loosened by chemical action. (2) Fleshing machines, for removing flesh, fat, etc., from the raw skin. I (3) Hammer mills (faller stocks and cylinder beater mills. The hammers or the grooved rotating cylinder of these mac ines work the skins or leather during the washing, tanning, oiling or Impregnation processes. (4) Machines for stretching skins or leather to o en the pores, eliminate creases or other surface flaws; scraping machines, used to smoo out the flesh side and to remove foreign matter; softenin machines, in which the leather is treated by the action of cylinders covered with cor or rubber. & f (5) Hammering machines which beat the surface of the leather with small hammers to remove dirt and excess moisture, and to restore the grain. (6) Hammer machines used for compacting, hardening or smoothing leather (e.g., for shoe soles or machinery belting). (7) Shavin or splitting machines which, by means of knives, equalise the thickness over the whole s&n, or split skins into layers. (8) Emery machines, e.g., for roughening the surface of the skin to produce a velvety effect. (9) Brushing machines, e.g., to clean the skin and increase the velvety effect after roughening. (10) Machines for glazing leather by working it with agate polishing stones, or with small rollers of agate or glass. (1 1) Graining machines. This group further includes machines for processing furskins. In eneral these skins receive pre-tannin and tanning treatment on similar machines to those descn7 3ed above, but the heading also inclu es those for treating the fur itself (e.g., for trirnmin the hair to an even length, for removing long hairs, for curling, combing, brushmg or dyeing e fur). % The heading also excludes : (a) Drying machines of beading 84.19. (b) Calenders (e.g., for smoothing, glazing or graining leather) (heading 84.20). (c) Centrifugal dryers (heading 84.21). (d) Machines for spraying dyes, varnish, etc. (heading 84.24). (e) Hog de-hairing machines of the type used in butchery (heading 84.38). (0 General purpose presses (heading 84.79). (g) Machines for measuring hides or skins (heading 90.31). (11) MACHINERY FOR MAKING OR REPAIRING FOOTWEAR OR OTHER ARTICLES OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER This group covers machine for makin or repairing articles made from hides, skins (including fursluns) or leather (e.g., Xotwear, g oves, jackets and other articles of apparel, saddlery, book-covers, handbags, travel goods). f The group includes, inter alia : (A) Skivin or paring machines for thinnin the edges or certain other parts of pieces of leather efore semng or gluing them togeti?er. % L @) Machines for cutting out leather in particular shapes e-g., shoe uppers, glove blanks, straps, etc.). The two most common types are the band- ife machine and the clicking press (which cuts out by the use of dies). (C) Perforating machines, for ornamenting toe caps, glove backs, etc. (D) Boot or shoe machinery, e.g., : (1) Channel cuttin machines, used to cut grooves or channels into which the stitches can be inserted f$.g,round the edge of the sole); and machines for opening or closing the channels before or after sewing. (2) " Pulling-over '' or lastin machines, for drawing the upper on to the last, and tacking or sticking it onto the in-so e. (3) Machines for pounding and hammerin the edges of the uppers and the bottoms of the in-soles after they have been put toge er on the last. C (4) Machines for glueing the outer sole onto the in-sole and upper, e.g., glueing machines, sole laying machines. (5) Machines for fastening the heel onto the sole, (6) Machines for trimming, smoothing or finishing the edges of the sole or heel. (7) Rou henin machines which by means of a wire brush or an abrasive belt remove the finis from t e upper in order to make it adhere better when being glued to the sole. f (8) Polishing and finishing machines, consisting of a series of grinding stones, polishing brushes and felts used to give a good surface to the uppers; the heading includes similar machines used by boot or shoe repairers. (9) Boot or shoe stretching machines. It should be noted that some of the machines of this heading such as p n i n f cutting out, perforating, pricking, and even certain boot or shoe making machines, can e use for materials other than leather (e.g., cardboard, imitation leather or plastics); they remain, however, in this heading provided they are clearly designed to be used mainly for hides, skins or leather. The heading does not, however, include : (a) Boot or shoe lasts (classified according to the constituent material, generally heading 44.17). (b) Wood-working machines for making clogs, wooden soles, heels, etc. (heading 84.65). (c) Automatic shoe brushing machines and eyeletting machines (heading 84.79). PARTS Sub'eet to the general provisions regardin the classification of arts (see the General Exp anatory Note to Sectlon XVI), pwts o f t e machines of this headkg, and dies and other interchangeable tools for these machines are also classified here. i?
1.- This Chapter does not cover : (a) Millstones, grindstones or other articles of Chapter 68; (b) Machinery or appliances (for example, pumps) of ceramic material and ceramic parts of machinery or appliances of any material (Chapter 69); (c) Laboratory glassware (heading 70.17); machinery, appliances or other articles for technical uses or parts thereof, of glass (heading 70.19 or 70.20); (d) Articles of heading 73.21 or 73.22 or similar articles of other base metals (Chapters 74 to 76 or 78 to 81); (e) Vacuum cleaners of heading 85.08; (f) Electro-mechanical domestic appliances of heading 85.09; digital cameras of heading 85.25; (g) Radiators for the articles of Section XVII; or (h) Hand-operated mechanical floor sweepers, not motorised (heading 96.03). 2.- Subject to the operation of Note 3 to Section XVI and subject to Note 11 to this Chapter, a machine or appliance which answers to a description in one or more of the headings 84.01 to 84.24, or heading 84.86 and at the same time to a description in one or more of the headings 84.25 to 84.80 is to be classified under the appropriate heading of the former group or under heading 84.86, as the case may be, and not the latter group. (A) Heading 84.19 does not, however, cover : (i) Germination plant, incubators or brooders (heading 84.36); (ii) Grain dampening machines (heading 84.37); (iii) Diffusing apparatus for sugar juice extraction (heading 84.38);