WCO Explanatory Notes reproduced for reference. © World Customs Organization. Verify against official WCO publication.
84.61 - Machine-tools for planing, shaping, slotting, broaching, gear cutting, gear grinding or gear finishing, sawing, cutting-off and other machine-tools worlung by removing metal or cermets, not elsewhere specified or included. 846 1.20 - Shaping or slotting machines 8461.30 - Broaching machines 8461.40 - Gear cutting, gear grinding or gear finishing machines 8461.50 - Sawing or cutting-off machines 8461.90 - Other The heading covers machine-tools working by removing metal or cermets, not elsewhere specified or mcluded. In general machine-tools are power-driven but similar machines, worked by hand or edal, are also covered by this heading. These latter types can be distinguished from the han tools of heading 82.05 and from the tools for working in the hand of heading 84.67, by the fact that they are usually designed to be mounted on the floor, on a bench, on a wall or on another machine, and are thus usually provided with a base plate, mounting frame, stand, etc. ii The heading includes : or sectional surfaces of an are machine-tools in which article with the help of tools with a single moves with a reciprocating the tool is fixed while the table holding the planar motion. However, certain large as pit laning machines or late ed e planers have a fixed table and are used for working artic es of a great length fe.g, raiys). (1) Planing machines which are for working the P Some planin machines are fitted with one or two auxiliary or additional rnillin machine carria es, w ich replace an e ual number of laning carriages. These mac%me-tools calle8' qlaning and milling mac ines " are m i ered as planin machines, even though it is possib e by reducing the speed of the table to use them for m ling work. They must not be confused with some milling machines called " plano-milling machines " of beading 84.59, the appearance of which is similar to that of a planing machine, but which are equipped only with milling carriages. % B Planing machines may also possess one or two grinding slides in addition to planing carriages. The addition of these grinding heads allows these planing machines to be used as table surface trueing machines. Some models are fitted at one and the same time with planing carriages, nulling carriages and grinding slides, while others are fitted with devices to allow them to carry out slotting work. (2) Sha ing machines which are machine-tools o erating on the planing principle and which can e differentiated fiom lanin machines y the fact that the article to be worked is fixed durin the cut, while 5,e too moves with a reciprocating linear movement. Because of the over ang of the tool holder, its maximum run is lirmted and for this reason the shaping machine is usually restricted to working articles of small dimensions. ! % S !i (3) Slotting machines which are machine-tools o erating by the planing method in which the article to be worked is immobile during e cut, while the tool is moved with a reciprocating linear movement in vertical or sometimes inclined direction. These machines, by reference to use, are slottin tools which are machines characterised by their short slide stroke; slotting-punching mac ines for c ng out the work necessa for the machines rapid removal of considerable quantities of materia fiom an extra thick article.$hese use either slide tools (with a single cutting ed e), or a punching tool (with four cutting ed es ; vertical slottin machines; slotting wit transverse displacement slide; machines cahed.' gooviqj mac ines (b pulling or pushin&, the working process of which resembles that o broaching macHnes the difference bemg the tool used. !I % E "r E (4) Broaching machines. The tool the broach) is pulled or pushed across the work or through a hole, for surface working or s aping. Among the different types of broaching machines are horizontal or vertical machines with simple slide; double machines (" du lex ") which consist of two slides each working on one broach or broaching presses whic are vertical machines working on the broach by pressure. R (5) Gear-cutting, gear-grinding and gear-finishin machines. This heading covers gear-cutting machines designed exclusively for ma ing gears by removing metal from cylindrical or conical blanks. I Gear-cutting machines work principally according to the following processes : - module-controlled milling-cutting in which a milling disc or conical cutter is used as a tool. This process is currently used for cutting spur gearing; - reproduction cutting in which the teeth are produced by a planing tool (straight cutting tool). This process is for bevel gear-cutting and cylindrical gear-cutting; - cutting by meshing, usin a tool such as a worm hob, a rack cutting tool (or chasin P f tool) or a inion tool ( or circular cutter). This process allows internal or externa straight or elical and conical gears to be worked; R - abrasive cutting, (6) Sawing machines. Depending on the form of tool used, the following machines on this type can be distinguished : - - reciprocating sawing machines or oscillating sawing machines in which the tool consists of a straight toothed blade which moves with a reciprocating linear movement; circular saws, which employ a circular tool, toothed on its outer edge and turning at eat speed. This tool is commonly called a " slitting saw blade " or slotting saw Rade "; " - bandsaw sawing machines, which use a very lon blade, one side of which is toothed and the ends of the blade are joined to form a ban%. (7) Cutting-off machines. These machine-tools differ fi-om sawing machines by virtue of the tools they use. The latter can be either cutting tools analogous to lathe tools, or abrasive or metal discs. - cutting-off machines with cutting tools employ either of two methods. e works in the same way as slide lathes but is distinguishable from them by the fact t at the tool holders cannot be moved lengthwise, unlike the saddles of slide One lathes. $ e works like a spindle or axle turning machine in which the tool itself is fixedOther while e article to be worked moves on a carria e. It is distinguishable from the latter, however, by the fact that the article to be wor ed can only be moved in one direction. % B Both the above types can only carry out one cutting-off operation. Those which work like slide lathes consist of a hollow spindle of large diameter which works on the rotating articles. A very short bed su ports one or two tool holders which can be moved transversely. In those which work li e a spindle or axle turning machine, the article to be cut is fixed on a carriage which enables it to be moved. The tool itself is fixed on the machine and consists of a crown turning at high speed on which cutting tools are arranged in rings; E - cuttin off machines with abrasive discs have a construction similar to those of circular t- saws, ut the slitting saw blade is replaced by a double-edged abrasive wheel; - cutting-off machines with metal discs, also known as friction sawing machines, are characterised by the fact that they operate b means of a mild steel disc with a toothless is rotated in such a way as to give it a periphery. This disc, which may be peripheral speed such that if the periphery of the disc is gradually brou ht in close proximity to a piece of metal, the latter immediately melts without having c ose contact with the disc. This phenomenon is the result of friction combined with the oxidising action of the air trapped between the disc and the metal to be cut. fluted: (8) Filing machines, which are of similar design to reciprocating sawing machines but which use a file rather than a blade. (9) Engraving machines, other than those of heading 84.59 or 84.60. PARTS AND ACCESSORIES Sub'ect to the general provisions regarding the classification of arts (see the General XVI), parts and accessories (other than J e tools of Chapter 82) ~ x ~ ! a n a t o ~ ~tooSection fe of the mac 'ne-tools of this heading are classified in heading 84.66. The heading also excludes : (a) Hand tools (heading 82.05). rl (b) Machine-tools for working an material by removal of material, by laser or other light or photon beam, ultrasonic, electro-disc arge, electro-chemical, electron beam, ~onic-beamor plasma arc processes; water-jet cutting machines (heading 84.56). (c) Machining centres, unit construction machines (single station) and multi-station transfer machines, for working metal (heading 84.57). (d) Tools for working in the hand, pneumatic, hydraulic or with self-contained electric or non-electric motor (heading 84.67). (e) Machines and appliances for testing, of heading 90.24.
1.- This Chapter does not cover : (a) Millstones, grindstones or other articles of Chapter 68; (b) Machinery or appliances (for example, pumps) of ceramic material and ceramic parts of machinery or appliances of any material (Chapter 69); (c) Laboratory glassware (heading 70.17); machinery, appliances or other articles for technical uses or parts thereof, of glass (heading 70.19 or 70.20); (d) Articles of heading 73.21 or 73.22 or similar articles of other base metals (Chapters 74 to 76 or 78 to 81); (e) Vacuum cleaners of heading 85.08; (f) Electro-mechanical domestic appliances of heading 85.09; digital cameras of heading 85.25; (g) Radiators for the articles of Section XVII; or (h) Hand-operated mechanical floor sweepers, not motorised (heading 96.03). 2.- Subject to the operation of Note 3 to Section XVI and subject to Note 11 to this Chapter, a machine or appliance which answers to a description in one or more of the headings 84.01 to 84.24, or heading 84.86 and at the same time to a description in one or more of the headings 84.25 to 84.80 is to be classified under the appropriate heading of the former group or under heading 84.86, as the case may be, and not the latter group. (A) Heading 84.19 does not, however, cover : (i) Germination plant, incubators or brooders (heading 84.36); (ii) Grain dampening machines (heading 84.37); (iii) Diffusing apparatus for sugar juice extraction (heading 84.38);