WCO Explanatory Notes reproduced for reference. © World Customs Organization. Verify against official WCO publication.
84.62 - Machine-tools (including presses) for working metal by forging, hammering or die-stamping; machine-tools (including presses) for working metal by bending, folding, stra htening, flattening, sheanng, punchin or notching; presses for working met or metal carbides, not specified above 8462.10 (+f - Forging or die-stamping machines (including presses) and hammers - Bending, folding, straightening or flattening machines (including presses) : 8462.2 1 - - Numerically controlled 8462.29 - - Other - Shearing machines (including presses), other than combined punching and shearing machines : 8462.31 - - Numerically controlled 8462.39 - - Other - Punching or notching machines (including presses), including combined punching and shearing machines : 8462.4 1 - - Numerically controlled 8462.49 - - Other - Other 8462.91 - - Hydraulic presses 8462.99 - - Other The heading covers certain machine-tools, listed in the heading text, which work by changing the shape or form of metal or metal carbides. In general machine-tools are power-driven but similar machines, worked by hand or edal, are also covered by this heading. These latter types can be distinguished from the han tools of heading 82.05 and ftom the tools for working in the hand of heading 84.67, by the fact that they are usually designed to be mounted on the floor, on a bench, on a wall or on another machine, and are thus usually provided with a base plate, mounting fiame, stand, etc. ! The heading includes : (1) For 'ng and stampin machines, Broadly speaking forging includes all processes for wor ng heated meta by im act or by ressure, either to eliminate puddling sla (shinglmg) or to shape the metaf Except in J e case of shingling where the metal is worke in the form of balls, the metal to be shaped is either in the form of semi-finished roducts such as blooms, billets or sheet bars, or in the form of bars and rods, usually o circular section. Forging can be described more precisely as an operation which uses heat but no dies. ? b2 % P k Stamping or cutting out) is a process for forcing metal, by impact or pressure to fill the hollows o metal moulds called dies. This operation is carried out hot for hard metals (notably steel) or cold for soft metals. Generally a press is used. In the process of stamping or cuttin out, the dies completely enclose the workpiece. In certain cases, however, a slngle rneta die operating on only one part of the unworked piece is used. This die is then called a stamp and the operation is termed stamping. f Stamping machines can eliminate the " flash " produced during stamping or cutting out. This trimming o eration is carried out with the aid of special cutting dies. The finishing operation came out by a precision die-stamper is, in fact, described as sizing. This sizing produces the necessary precise dimensions. The following are exam les of machine-tools specially designed and built for carrying out the operations describe above : - Hammers, drop forges and drop hammers (mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic hammers and steam hammers) whch operate by a series of short, sharp shocks. - Metal working presses, which operate by continuous ressure. However, general resses not specially designed for metar working are excluded l4.79). r (2) Bending machines. These include machines for working flat products sheets, plates and strips) which, by assing the products throu h three or four sets of ro lers, give them a cyl~ndricalcurve (?or this the rollers are par lel as with tube formin machines) or else a conical shape (in which the rollers are not parallel); machines f&r working non-flat ars, rods, angles, shapes, sections, tubes). These machines work either by means of ormin rollers, by press bending, or, for tubes and, in particular, oil pipes), by drawing their en s while the main section is held by a fixe cylinder. f % (3) Folding machines. These machines include the following : (a) machines for working flat roducts. The folding of a flat product consists of giving a sheet (or strip) in a straig t line a permanent deformation of small radius, without rupturing the metal. This operation is carried out, either on a universal folding machine, or on a folding press; R (b) machines for working non-flat products. The folding of bars, rods, tubes, angles, shapes and >ections is akin to forming (see paragraph (2) above); wire bending involves givlng ~t a curvature within a slngle plane. Wire bending machines carrying out more complex o erations (for exam ley spring manufacturing machines) do not constitute simple fol i g machines and fa 1in head~ng84.63. I' (4) Straightening machines and flattenin machines. These machines are for remedyin imperfections in non-flat products, suc% as wire, bars, rods, tubes, angles, shapes an sections, or flat products, such as sheets or strip, arising during their manipulation after manufacture. Flattening machines include the following, for example : s. (a) Flattenin machines of the roller type which consist of a series of arallel rollers (or cylindersk, either small in number (5 to 11) but of relatively large lameter and great rigidity, or lar e in number (general1 15 to 23) but of small diameter, great flexibility, and supported y an equal number o counter rollers; % P (b) Tables for flattening by drawing in which imperfections are eliminated by slight permanent stretching. (5) Shearing machines. The shearing process involves two cutting tools with faces in the same plane applied vertically to the metal to be cut. These tools penetrate the metal which is subjected to plastic deformation and the fibres of which, under progressively more and more pressure and penetration, rupture along the line of the blades. Machines of this type include : balance shears, lever shears and guillotine shears which use blades; rotary shearing machines which, instead of blades, use tools in the form of discs or frustums of cones. (6) Punching machines used for perforating, notchin or cutting metal by means of two tools ad'usted one inside the other. The unching too is called the punch while the other is ca led the die. Rupture of the meta is effected as in shearing and the shape of the hole obtained depends on the shape of the tools. P f The different machines of this type include machines for making gears by punching. (7) Notching machines are small machines used for workin various sections (L, T, I or U sections) and half-rounds, either to prepare them for assem ly (for example, grooves, slots, tenons and dovetails), or simply to cut or pierce them. % (8) Extruding presses for extruding bars, rods, wire, angles, shapes, sections, tubes, etc. These presses are designed to force a mass of metal through an extrusion die with the help of a punch. Depending on the malleability of the metal, t h ~ soperation is carried out hot or cold. (9) Presses for moulding metallic powders by sintering. (10) Presses for compressing metal scrap into bales. PARTS AND ACCESSORIES Sub'ect to the general provisions regarding the classification of arts (see the General Exp anatory Note to Section XVI),parts and accessories (other than t e tools of Chapter 82) of the machine-tools of this heading are classified in heading 84.66. f The heading also excludes : (a) Hand tools (heading 82.05). (b) Machining centres, unit construction machines (single station) and multi-station transfer machines, for working metal (heading 84.57). (c) Tools for working in the hand, pneumatic, hydraulic or with self-contained electric or non-electric motor (heading 84.67). (d) Machines for stamping address plates (heading 84.72). (e) Pig iron breakers and special stamping mills for breaking up cast iron scrap (heading 84.79). (f) Machine-tools for bending, folding and straightening semiconductor leads (heading 84.86). (g) Testing machines and apparatus (heading 90.24).
Notes. 1.- This Chapter does not cover : (a) Millstones, grindstones or other articles of Chapter 68; (b) Machinery or appliances (for example, pumps) of ceramic material and ceramic parts of machinery or appliances of any material (Chapter 69); (c) Laboratory glassware (heading 70.17); machinery, appliances or other articles for technical uses or parts thereof, of glass (heading 70.19 or 70.20); (d) Articles of heading 73.21 or 73.22 or similar articles of other base metals (Chapters 74 to 76 or 78 to 81); (e) Vacuum cleaners of heading 85.08; (f) Electro-mechanical domestic appliances of heading 85.09; digital cameras of heading 85.25; (g) Radiators for the articles of Section XVII; or (h) Hand-operated mechanical floor sweepers, not motorised (heading 96.03). 2.- Subject to the operation of Note 3 to Section XVI and subject to Note 11 to this Chapter, a machine or appliance which answers to a description in one or more of the headings 84.01 to 84.24, or heading 84.86 and at the same time to a description in one or more of the headings 84.25 to 84.80 is to be classified under the appropriate heading of the former group or under heading 84.86, as the case may be, and not the latter group. (A) Heading 84.19 does not, however, cover : (i) Germination plant, incubators or brooders (heading 84.36); (ii) Grain dampening machines (heading 84.37); (iii) Diffusing apparatus for sugar juice extraction (heading 84.38); (iv) Machinery for the heat-treatment of textile yarns, fabrics or made up textile articles (heading 84.51); or (v) Machinery, plant or laboratory equipment designed for a mechanical operation, in which a change of temperature, even if necessary, is subsidiary. (B) Heading 84.22 does not cover : (i) Sewing machines for closing bags or similar containers (heading 84.52); or (ii) Office machinery of heading 84.72. (C) Heading 84.24 does not cover : (i) Ink-jet printing machines (heading 84.43); or (ii) Water-jet cutting machines (heading 84.56). 3.- A machine-tool for working any material which answers to a description in heading 84.56 and at the same time to a description in heading 84.57, 84.58, 84.59, 84.60, 84.61, 84.64 or 84.65 is to be classified in heading 84.56. 4.- Heading 84.57 applies only to machine-tools for working metal, other than lathes (including turning centres), which can carry out different types of machining operations either : (a) by automatic tool change from a magazine or the like in conformity with a machining programme (machining centres), (b) by the automatic use, simultaneously or sequentially, of different unit heads working on a fixed position workpiece (unit construction machines, single station), or (c) by the automatic transfer of the workpiece to different unit heads (multi-station transfer machines). 5.- For the purposes of heading 84.62, a “slitting line” for flat products is a processing line composed of an uncoiler, a coil flattener, a slitter and a recoiler. A “cut-to-length line” for flat products is a processing line composed of an uncoiler, a coil flattener, and a shear. 6.- (A) For the purposes of heading 84.71, the expression “automatic data processing machines” means machines capable of : (i) Storing the processing program or programs and at least the data immediately necessary for the execution of the program; (ii) Being freely programmed in accordance with the requirements of the user; (iii) Performing arithmetical computations specified by the user; and (iv) Executing, without human intervention, a processing program which requires them to modify their execution, by logical decision during the processing run. (B) Automatic data processing machines may be in the form of systems consisting of a variable number of separate units. (C) Subject to paragraphs (D) and (E) below, a unit is to be regarded as being part of an automatic data processing system if it meets all of the following conditions : (i) It is of a kind solely or principally used in an automatic data processing system; (ii) It is connectable to the central processing unit either directly or through one or more other units; and (iii) It is able to accept or deliver data in a form (codes or signals) which can be used by the system. Separately presented units of an automatic data processing machine are to be classified in heading 84.71. However, keyboards, X-Y co-ordinate input devices and disk storage units which satisfy the conditions of paragraphs (C) (ii) and (C) (iii) above, are in all cases to be classified as units of heading 84.71. (D) Heading 84.71 does not cover the following when presented separately, even if they meet all of the conditions set forth in Note 6 (C) above : (i) Printers, copying machines, facsimile machines, whether or not combined; (ii) Apparatus for the transmission or reception of voice, images or other data, including apparatus for communication in a wired or wireless network (such as a local or wide area network); (iii) Loudspeakers and microphones; (iv) Television cameras, digital cameras and video camera recorders; (v) Monitors and projectors, not incorporating television reception apparatus. (E) Machines incorporating or working in conjunction with an automatic data processing machine and performing a specific function other than data processing are to be classified in the headings appropriate to their respective functions or, failing that, in residual headings. 7.- Heading 84.82 applies, inter alia, to polished steel balls, the maximum and minimum diameters of which do not differ from the nominal diameter by more than 1 % or by more than 0.05 mm, whichever is less. Other steel balls are to be classified in heading 73.26. 8.- A machine which is used for more than one purpose is, for the purposes of classification, to be treated as if its principal purpose were its sole purpose. Subject to Note 2 to this Chapter and Note 3 to Section XVI, a machine the principal purpose of which is not described in any heading or for which no one purpose is the principal purpose is, unless the context otherwise requires, to be classified in heading 84.79. Heading 84.79 also covers machines for making rope or cable (for example, stranding, twisting or cabling machines) from metal wire, textile yarn or any other material or from a combination of such materials. 9.- For the purposes of heading 84.70, the term “pocket-size” applies only to machines the dimensions of which do not exceed 170 mm x 100 mm x 45 mm. 10.- For the purposes of heading 84.85, the expression “additive manufacturing” (also referred to as 3D printing) means the formation of physical objects, based on a digital model, by the successive addition and layering, and consolidation and solidification, of material (for example, metal, plastics or ceramics). Subject to Note 1 to Section XVI and Note 1 to Chapter 84, machines answering to the description in heading 84.85 are to be classified in that heading and in no other heading of the Nomenclature. 11.- (A) Notes 12 (a) and 12 (b) to Chapter 85 also apply with respect to the expressions “semiconductor devices” and “electronic integrated circuits”, respectively, as used in this Note and in heading 84.86. However, for the purposes of this Note and of heading 84.86, the expression “semiconductor devices” also covers photosensitive semiconductor devices and light-emitting diodes (LED). (B) For the purposes of this Note and of heading 84.86, the expression “manufacture of flat panel displays” covers the fabrication of substrates into a flat panel. It does not cover the manufacture of glass or the assembly of printed circuit boards or other electronic components onto the flat panel. The expression “flat panel display” does not cover cathode-ray tube technology. (C) Heading 84.86 also includes machines and apparatus solely or principally of a kind used for : (i) the manufacture or repair of masks and reticles; (ii) assembling semiconductor devices or electronic integrated circuits; (iii) lifting, handling, loading or unloading of boules, wafers, semiconductor devices, electronic integrated circuits and flat panel displays. (D) Subject to Note 1 to Section XVI and Note 1 to Chapter 84, machines and apparatus answering to the description in heading 84.86 are to be classified in that heading and in no other heading of the Nomenclature. Subheading Notes. 1.- For the purposes of subheading 8465.20, the term “machining centres” applies only to machine-tools for working wood, cork, bone, hard rubber, hard plastics or similar hard materials, which can carry out different types of machining operations by automatic tool change from a magazine or the like in conformity with a machining programme. 2.- For the purposes of subheading 8471.49, the term “systems” means automatic data processing machines whose units satisfy the conditions laid down in Note 6 (C) to Chapter 84 and which comprise at least a central processing unit, one input unit (for example, a keyboard or a scanner), and one output unit (for example, a visual display unit or a printer). 3.- For the purposes of subheading 8481.20, the expression “valves for oleohydraulic or pneumatic transmissions” means valves which are used specifically in the transmission of “fluid power” in a hydraulic or pneumatic system, where the energy source is supplied in the form of pressurised fluids (liquid or gas). These valves may be of any type (for example, pressure-reducing type, check type). Subheading 8481.20 takes precedence over all other subheadings of heading 84.81. 4.- Subheading 8482.40 applies only to bearings with cylindrical rollers of a uniform diameter not exceeding 5 mm and having a length which is at least three times the diameter. The ends of the rollers may be rounded.