WCO Explanatory Notes reproduced for reference. © World Customs Organization. Verify against official WCO publication.
85.01 - Electric motors and generators (excluding generating sets). 8501.10 - Motors of an output not exceeding 37.5 W 8501.20 - Universal AC/DC motors of an output exceeding 37.5 W - Other DC motors; DC generators : 8501.31 - - Of an output not exceeding 750 W 8501.32 - - Of an output exceeding 750 W but not exceeding 75 k W 8501.33 - - Of an output exceeding 75 kW but not exceeding 375 kW 8501.34 - - Of an output exceeding 375 kW 8501.40 - Other AC motors, single-phase - Other AC motors, multi-phase : 8501.51 - - Of an output not exceeding 750 W 8501.52 - - Of an output exceeding 750 W but not exceeding 75 kW 8501.53 - - Of an output exceeding 75 kW - AC generators (alternators) : 8501.61 - - Of an output not exceeding 75 kVA 8501.62 - - Of an output exceeding 75 kVA but not exceeding 375 kVA 8501.63 - - Of an output exceeding 375 kVA but not exceeding 750 kVA 8501.64 - - Of an output exceeding 750 kVA (I) ELECTRIC MOTORS Electric motors are machines for transforming electrical energy into mechanical power. This group includes rotary motors and linear motors. (A) Rotary motors produce mechanical power in the form many types and sizes according to whether they operate use or purpose for which they are designed. The motor circumstances in which the motor will operate (e.g., dust motors; non-ri 'd mountings for belt driven motors, or for much vibratios. Many motors may incorporate a fan or other device for keeping the motor cool during running. With the exception of starter motors for internal combustion engines (heading 85.11), the heading covers electric motors of all types from low power motors for use in instruments, clocks, time switches, sewing machines, toys, etc., up to Iarge powerful motors for rolling mills, etc. Motors remain classified here even when they are e uipped with pulleys, with gears or gear boxes, or with a flexible shaft for operating hand too s. The heading includes " outboard motors ",for the pro ulsion of boats, in the form of a unit comprising an electric motor, shaft, propeller and a J d e r . Synchronous motors for clock movements are classified here even if equipped with ears; however such synchronous motors also associated with a clock train are exc uded (heading 91.09). f (B) Linear motors produce mechanical power in the form of a linear motion. Linear induction motors consist essentially of one or more primary members composed of magnetic circuits, generally laminated (stack of magnetic laminahom), on which coils are arranged and of a secondary member, usually in the form of a plate or profile of copper or alum~nium. member is ener ised by These motors generate a propulsive force when the pri applying an alternating current in the presence of the secon ary. The two mem ers are se mated b an airgap, and the translational motion (one member remaining stationary wI ! . ile the o er moves) is produced without mechanical contact. -7 The characteristic features of linear induction motors vary according to the purpose for which they are desi ed : driving hovertrains (the rimary members are carried in the secured to the track); powering vehicles and strad e a rail (secondary (a secondary plate a wheeled trolley travels coils located between the rails); operating overhead conveyors members travel underneath a secondary profile); positioning (secondary pallets are displaced by primary members set into the floor); controlling, e.g., piston purn s and valves (this function may be performed by " polysolenoid " linear motors in whic the shaft (secondary member) moves to and fio inside an annular primary member); positioning on machine-tools; etc. #' g DC linear motors, whose operation uses the interaction of electro-magnets or of electro-magnets and permanent magnets, can be used as alternating or oscillating motors (e.g., for reciprocating pumps, weaving shuttle drives), stepper motors (e.g., small conveyors), etc. This group also includes : (1) Servomotors, presented separately, consisting essentially of an electric motor with speed-reducing gears and equipped with a power transmission device (e.g., lever, ulley) designed to adjust the variable position of a regulating control in a boiler, in a !&mace or in other plant (and possibly provided with an emergency hand-wheel). (2) Self-synchronising units, with a stator carrying three windings angled at 120° and a rotor carrying a single winding connected to two slip rmgs, for use in pairs (synchrotransmitter and synchroreceiver), e.g., in telemetering or remote control systems. (3) Valve actuators, electrical, consisting of an electric motor with reducing gear and drive shaft and, in some cases, with various devices (electric starter, transformer, hand-wheel, etc.) to operate the valve plug. (11) ELECTRIC GENERATORS Machines that produce electrical power from various energy sources (mechanical, solar, etc.) are classified here, provided they are not more specifically covered by any other heading of the Nomenclature. There are two main classes, direct current @C) generators {dynamos), and alternating current (AC) generators (alternators). In general, both consist essentially of a stator mounted in a housing, and a rotating member (the rotor) mounted inside the stator on a shaft driven by the prime mover. In the case of DC generators a commutator with segments is mounted on the rotorshaft. The current produced is collected by a system of carbon brushes which rub the commutator se ents, and is transferred to the external circuit. AC enerators are in most cases brushless and t e current which they roduce is led off directly to e external circuit. In other AC generators the current is collected y slip rings mounted on a rotorshafi and is transferred by a system of carbon brushes which rub the slip rings. f? L t The stator usually consists of a system of electromagnets, but for certain DC enerators (magneto-eIectric generators) a system of permanent mapets is used. The rotor usual y consists of a system of coils of wire mounted on a laminated Iron core; this system is known as the armature. In some AC generators the revolving portion is the field system. f Electric generators may be hand- or pee-operated, but usually they have prime movers (e-g., hydraulic turbines, steam turbines, wlnd engines, reciprocating steam engines, internal combustion piston engines). However, this heading only covers generators when presented without prime movers. The heading also covers photovoltaic generators consisting of panels of photocells combined with other apparatus, e ., storage batteries and electronic controls (voltage regulator, inverter, etc.) and panels or mo ules equip ed with elements, however .sim le (for example, diodes to control the direction of the currentr, which supply the power direct y to, for example, a motor, an electrolyser. f f In these devices, electricity is roduced by means of solar cells which convert solar energy directly into electricity (photovo taic conversion). P The heading covers all electric generators including large generators for power stations; small auxiliary generators used for exciting the windings of other generators; generators of various sizes and types used for supplying current for a variety of urposes e.g., on ships, on farms not connected to an external supply, in chemical industries or electro ysis, and in diesel-electric trains). The heading also excludes : P \ (a) Drums or rollers incorporating an electric motor for belt or roller conveyors (heading 84.31). (b) Vibrator motors and electro-magnetic vibrators of heading 84.79 (see the Explanatory Note to that heading). (c) Electric generators combined with prime movers (heading 85.02). (d) High tension generators (heading 85.04). (e) Primary cells and primary batteries (heading 85.06). ( f ) Generators (d amos am! alterpators) uped in con'unction with internal combustion engines, or for electrical liGg or ~gnallmg e ulpment (headings 85.11 and 85.12, respective y). 02 a kind used for cycles or motor vehicles (g) Solar cells whether or not assembled in modules or made up into panels but not equi ped with elements, however simple, which supply the power directly to, for example, a motor, an e ectrolyser (heading 85.41). P (h) Certain electrical apparatus sometimes known as generators which do not in fact produce electric energy, e.g., signal generators (heading 85.43). (ij) The generators of Chapter 90, for exam le, X-ray generators (heading 90.22); generators designed for demonstrational purposes and unsuita le for other uses (heading 90.23). K PARTS Sub'ect to the general provisions regarding the classification of parts (see the General Note to Section XVT), parts of the machines of this heading are classified in E E G t ~ Y .
Notes. 1.- This Chapter does not cover : (a) Electrically warmed blankets, bed pads, foot-muffs or the like; electrically warmed clothing, footwear or ear pads or other electrically warmed articles worn on or about the person; (b) Articles of glass of heading 70.11; (c) Machines and apparatus of heading 84.86; (d) Vacuum apparatus of a kind used in medical, surgical, dental or veterinary sciences (heading 90.18); or (e) Electrically heated furniture of Chapter 94. 2.- Headings 85.01 to 85.04 do not apply to goods described in heading 85.11, 85.12, 85.40, 85.41 or 85.42. However, metal tank mercury arc rectifiers remain classified in heading 85.04. 3.- For the purposes of heading 85.07, the expression “electric accumulators” includes those presented with ancillary components which contribute to the accumulator’s function of storing and supplying energy or protect it from damage, such as electrical connectors, temperature control devices (for example, thermistors) and circuit protection devices. They may also include a portion of the protective housing of the goods in which they are to be used. 4.- Heading 85.09 covers only the following electro-mechanical machines of the kind commonly used for domestic purposes : (a) Floor polishers, food grinders and mixers, and fruit or vegetable juice extractors, of any weight; (b) Other machines provided the weight of such machines does not exceed 20 kg. The heading does not, however, apply to fans or ventilating or recycling hoods incorporating a fan, whether or not fitted with filters (heading 84.14), centrifugal clothes-dryers (heading 84.21), dish washing machines (heading 84.22), household washing machines (heading 84.50), roller or other ironing machines (heading 84.20 or 84.51), sewing machines (heading 84.52), electric scissors (heading 84.67) or to electro-thermic appliances (heading 85.16). 5.- For the purposes of heading 85.17, the term "smartphones” means telephones for cellular networks, equipped with a mobile operating system designed to perform the functions of an automatic data processing machine such as downloading and running multiple applications simultaneously, including third-party applications, and whether or not integrating other features such as digital cameras and navigational aid systems. 6.- For the purposes of heading 85.23 : (a) “Solid-state non-volatile storage devices” (for example, “flash memory cards” or “flash electronic storage cards”) are storage devices with a connecting socket, comprising in the same housing one or more flash memories (for example, “FLASH E2PROM”) in the form of integrated circuits mounted on a printed circuit board. They may include a controller in the form of an integrated circuit and discrete passive components, such as capacitors and resistors; (b) The term “smart cards” means cards which have embedded in them one or more electronic integrated circuits (a microprocessor, random access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM)) in the form of chips. These cards may contain contacts, a magnetic stripe or an embedded antenna but do not contain any other active or passive circuit elements. 7.- For the purposes of heading 85.24, “flat panel display modules” refer to devices or apparatus for the display of information, equipped at a minimum with a display screen, which are designed to be incorporated into articles of other headings prior to use. Display screens for flat panel display modules include, but are not limited to, those which are flat, curved, flexible, foldable or stretchable in form. Flat panel display modules may incorporate additional elements, including those necessary for receiving video signals and the allocation of those signals to pixels on the display. However, heading 85.24 does not include display modules which are equipped with components for converting video signals (e.g., a scaler IC, decoder IC or application processer) or have otherwise assumed the character of goods of other headings. For the classification of flat panel display modules defined in this Note, heading 85.24 shall take precedence over any other heading in the Nomenclature. 8.- For the purposes of heading 85.34 “printed circuits” are circuits obtained by forming on an insulating base, by any printing process (for example, embossing, plating-up, etching) or by the “film circuit” technique, conductor elements, contacts or other printed components (for example, inductances, resistors, capacitors) alone or interconnected according to a pre-established pattern, other than elements which can produce, rectify, modulate or amplify an electrical signal (for example, semiconductor elements). The expression “printed circuits” does not cover circuits combined with elements other than those obtained during the printing process, nor does it cover individual, discrete resistors, capacitors or inductances. Printed circuits may, however, be fitted with non-printed connecting elements. Thin- or thick-film circuits comprising passive and active elements obtained during the same technological process are to be classified in heading 85.42. 9.- For the purpose of heading 85.36, “connectors for optical fibres, optical fibre bundles or cables” means connectors that simply mechanically align optical fibres end to end in a digital line system. They perform no other function, such as the amplification, regeneration or modification of a signal. 10.-Heading 85.37 does not include cordless infrared devices for the remote control of television receivers or other electrical equipment (heading 85.43). 11.-For the purposes of heading 85.39, the expression “light-emitting diode (LED) light sources” covers : (a) “Light-emitting diode (LED) modules” which are electrical light sources based on light-emitting diodes (LED) arranged in electrical circuits and containing further elements like electrical, mechanical, thermal or optical elements. They also contain discrete active elements, discrete passive elements, or articles of heading 85.36 or 85.42 for the purposes of providing power supply or power control. Light-emitting diode (LED) modules do not have a cap designed to allow easy installation or replacement in a luminaire and ensure mechanical and electrical contact. (b) “Light-emitting diode (LED) lamps” which are electrical light sources containing one or more LED modules containing further elements like electrical, mechanical, thermal or optical elements. The distinction between light-emitting diode (LED) modules and light-emitting diode (LED) lamps is that lamps have a cap designed to allow easy installation or replacement in a luminaire and ensure mechanical and electrical contact. 12.-For the purposes of headings 85.41 and 85.42 : (a) (i) “Semiconductor devices” are semiconductor devices the operation of which depends on variations in resistivity on the application of an electric field or semiconductor-based transducers. Semiconductor devices may also include assembly of plural elements, whether or not equipped with active and passive device ancillary functions. “Semiconductor-based transducers” are, for the purposes of this definition, semiconductor- based sensors, semiconductor-based actuators, semiconductor-based resonators and semiconductor-based oscillators, which are types of discrete semiconductor-based devices, which perform an intrinsic function, which are able to convert any kind of physical or chemical phenomena or an action into an electrical signal or an electrical signal into any type of physical phenomenon or an action. All the elements in semiconductor-based transducers are indivisibly combined, and may also include necessary materials indivisibly attached, that enable their construction or function. The following expressions mean : (1) “Semiconductor-based” means built or manufactured on a semiconductor substrate or made of semiconductor materials, manufactured by semiconductor technology, in which the semiconductor substrate or material plays a critical and unreplaceable role of transducer function and performance, and the operation of which is based on semiconductor properties including physical, electrical, chemical and optical properties. (2) “Physical or chemical phenomena” relate to phenomena, such as pressure, acoustic waves, acceleration, vibration, movement, orientation, strain, magnetic field strength, electric field strength, light, radioactivity, humidity, flow, chemicals concentration, etc. (3) “Semiconductor-based sensor” is a type of semiconductor device, which consists of microelectronic or mechanical structures that are created in the mass or on the surface of a semiconductor and that have the function of detecting physical or chemical quantities and converting these into electric signals caused by resulting variations in electric properties or displacement of a mechanical structure. (4) “Semiconductor-based actuator” is a type of semiconductor device, which consists of microelectronic or mechanical structures that are created in the mass or on the surface of a semiconductor and that have the function of converting electric signals into physical movement. (5) “Semiconductor-based resonator” is a type of semiconductor device, which consists of microelectronic or mechanical structures that are created in the mass or on the surface of a semiconductor and that have the function of generating a mechanical or electrical oscillation of a predefined frequency that depends on the physical geometry of these structures in response to an external input. (6) “Semiconductor-based oscillator” is a type of semiconductor device, which consists of microelectronic or mechanical structures that are created in the mass or on the surface of a semiconductor and that have the function of generating a mechanical or electrical oscillation of a predefined frequency that depends on the physical geometry of these structures. (ii) “Light-emitting diodes (LED)” are semiconductor devices based on semiconductor materials which convert electrical energy into visible, infra-red or ultra-violet rays, whether or not electrically connected among each other and whether or not combined with protective diodes. Light-emitting diodes (LED) of heading 85.41 do not incorporate elements for the purposes of providing power supply or power control; (b) “Electronic integrated circuits” are : (i) Monolithic integrated circuits in which the circuit elements (diodes, transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductances, etc.) are created in the mass (essentially) and on the surface of a semiconductor or compound semiconductor material (for example, doped silicon, gallium arsenide, silicon germanium, indium phosphide) and are inseparably associated; (ii) Hybrid integrated circuits in which passive elements (resistors, capacitors, inductances, etc.), obtained by thin- or thick-film technology, and active elements (diodes, transistors, monolithic integrated circuits, etc.), obtained by semiconductor technology, are combined to all intents and purposes indivisibly, by interconnections or interconnecting cables, on a single insulating substrate (glass, ceramic, etc.). These circuits may also include discrete components; (iii) Multichip integrated circuits consisting of two or more interconnected monolithic integrated circuits combined to all intents and purposes indivisibly, whether or not on one or more insulating substrates, with or without leadframes, but with no other active or passive circuit elements. (iv) Multi-component integrated circuits (MCOs) : a combination of one or more monolithic, hybrid, or multi-chip integrated circuits with at least one of the following components : silicon-based sensors, actuators, oscillators, resonators or combinations thereof, or components performing the functions of articles classifiable under heading 85.32, 85.33, 85.41, or inductors classifiable under heading 85.04, formed to all intents and purposes indivisibly into a single body like an integrated circuit, as a component of a kind used for assembly onto a printed circuit board (PCB) or other carrier, through the connecting of pins, leads, balls, lands, bumps, or pads. For the purpose of this definition : 1. “Components” may be discrete, manufactured independently then assembled onto the rest of the MCO, or integrated into other components. 2. “Silicon based” means built on a silicon substrate, or made of silicon materials, or manufactured onto integrated circuit die. 3. (a) “Silicon-based sensors” consist of microelectronic or mechanical structures that are created in the mass or on the surface of a semiconductor and that have the function of detecting physical or chemical phenomena and transducing these into electric signals, caused by resulting variations in electric properties or displacement of a mechanical structure. “Physical or chemical phenomena” relates to phenomena, such as pressure, acoustic waves, acceleration, vibration, movement, orientation, strain, magnetic field strength, electric field strength, light, radioactivity, humidity, flow, chemicals concentration, etc. (b) “Silicon based actuators” consist of microelectronic and mechanical structures that are created in the mass or on the surface of a semiconductor and that have the function of converting electrical signals into physical movement. (c) “Silicon based resonators” are components that consist of microelectronic or mechanical structures that are created in the mass or on the surface of a semiconductor and have the function of generating a mechanical or electrical oscillation of a predefined frequency that depends on the physical geometry of these structures in response to an external input. (d) “Silicon based oscillators” are active components that consist of microelectronic or mechanical structures that are created in the mass or on the surface of a semiconductor and that have the function of generating a mechanical or electrical oscillation of a predefined frequency that depends on the physical geometry of these structures. For the classification of the articles defined in this Note, headings 85.41 and 85.42 shall take precedence over any other heading in the Nomenclature, except in the case of heading 85.23, which might cover them by reference to, in particular, their function. Subheading Notes. 1.- Subheading 8525.81 covers only high-speed television cameras, digital cameras and video camera recorders having one or more of the following characteristics : - writing speed exceeding 0.5 mm per microsecond; - time resolution 50 nanoseconds or less; - frame rate exceeding 225,000 frames per second. 2.- In respect of subheading 8525.82, radiation-hardened or radiation-tolerant television cameras, digital cameras and video camera recorders are designed or shielded to enable operation in a high-radiation environment. These cameras are designed to withstand a total radiation dose of at least 50 × 103 Gy(silicon) (5 × 106 RAD (silicon)), without operational degradation. 3.- Subheading 8525.83 covers night vision television cameras, digital cameras and video camera recorders which use a photocathode to convert available light to electrons, which can be amplified and converted to yield a visible image. This subheading excludes thermal imaging cameras (generally subheading 8525.89). 4.- Subheading 8527.12 covers only cassette-players with built-in amplifier, without built-in loudspeaker, capable of operating without an external source of electric power and the dimensions of which do not exceed 170 mm x 100 mm x 45 mm. 5.- For the purposes of subheadings 8549.11 to 8549.19, “spent primary cells, spent primary batteries and spent electric accumulators” are those which are neither usable as such because of breakage, cutting- up, wear or other reasons, nor capable of being recharged.