Particle accelerators

85.43 - Electrical machines and a paratus, having individual functions, not specified or included elsewhere in this &aPter. - Particle accelerators 8543.20 - Signal generators 8543.30 - Machines and apparatus for electroplating, electrolysis or electrophoresis 8543.70 - Other machines and apparatus 8543.10 This heading covers d l electrical appliances and apparatus, not falling in any other heading of this Chapter, nor covered more specifically by a heading of any other Cha ter of the Nomenclature, nor excluded b the operation of a Legal Note to Section XVI or to &s Chapter. The principal electrical goo s covered more specifically by other Chapters are electrical machinery of Chapter 84 and certain instruments and apparatus of Chapter 90. B The electrical appliances and ap aratus of this headin must have individual functions. The introductory provisions of Exp anatory Note to hea ing 84.79 concerning machines and mechanical appliances having individual functions apply, mutatis mutandis, to the appliances and apparatus of this heading. P % Most of the appliances of this heading consist of an assembly of electrical goods or parts (valves, transformers, capacitors, chokes, resistors, etc.) operating wholly electrically. However, the heading also includes electrical goods incorporating mechanical features provided that such features are subsidiary to the electrical function of the machine or appliance. The heading includes, inter alia : (1) Particle acceIerators. These are devices for imparting high kinetic energy to charged particles (electrons, protons, etc.). Particle accelerators are used mainly in nuclear research, but they also serve in the production of radioactive materials, in medical or industrial radiography, for the sterilisation of certain products, etc. Particle accelerators usually consist of large installations (which may weigh several thousands of tons . They comprise a particle source, an acceleration chamber, and devices for roducing hig frequency voltage, variations of the flux or radio-fkequencies which are use to accelerate the particles. They may contain one or more targets. S h Acceleration, focalisation and deflection of the articles are achieved by electrostatic or electro-magnetic devices which are fed by hig voltage or high frequency generators. Accelerator and generators are often enclosed in an anti-radiation screen. R The particle accelerators covered by this heading include, Van de Graaff accelerators, Cockcroft and Walton accelerators, linear accelerators, cyclotrons, betatrons, synchrocyclotrons, synchrotrons, etc. Betatrons and other article accelerators specially adapted for the production of X-rays, including those capable of pm&cing either beta-rays or gamma-rays as required, fall in heading 90.22. (2) Signal generators. These are apparatus for the production of electrical signals, of known wave-form and ma itude, at an assignable frequency (high or low fiequency, for example). These inc ude, inter alia : impulse generators, pattern generators, wobbulators (sweep generators). Y (3) Mine detectors based on the change of magnetic flux produced in the apparatus when brought near to a metal object. Similar detectors are used, for example, for detecting foreign metallic bodies in casks of tobacco, food products, timber, etc., and for locating buried pipes. (4) Mixin units, used in sound recording for combining the output from two or more microp ones; they are sometimes combined with an amplifier. Audio mixers and equallsers are also included under t h s heading. But mixing units specialised for cinematography are excluded (heading 90.1 0). !I (5) Noise reduction units for use with sound recording apparatus. (6) Defrosters and demisters with electric resistors for aircraft, ships, trains or other vehicles (except cycles or motor vehicles - heading 85.12). (7) Synchronisers for use when several generators are feeding into a common circuit. (8) Electrical mine detonators, consisting of a hand generator (dynamo) and a capacitor. (9) High. or intermediate frequency amplifiers (including measurement amplifiers and aerial amplifiers). (10) Machines and apparatus for eIectro latin ,electrol sis or electrophoresis (other than machines and apparatus of beachg 84.86 an electrophoresis instruments of heading 90.27). B (11) Ultra-violet irradiation equipment for general industrial uses. (12) Ozone generating and diffusing apparatus, electric, desi ed for non-therapeutic purposes (e.g., for industrial uses, for the ozonisation of (13) Electronic musical modules for incorporation in a wide varie of utilitarian or other goods, e.g., wrist watches, cups and greeting cards. These modu es usually consist of an electronic integrated circuit, a resistor, a loudspeaker and a mercury cell. They contain fixed musical programmes. (14) Electric fence energisers. (15) Cordless infrared devices for the remote control of television receivers, video recorders or other electrical equipment. r (16) Electro-luminescent devices, general1 in strips, plates or panels , and based on electroluminescent substances (e.g., zinc su phide) placed between two layers of conductive material. (17) Digital flight-data recorders (flight recorders) in the form of a fie- roof, crash-proof electronic apparatus for the continuous in-flight recording of specific flig t data. E This heading excludes : (a) Ion implanters for doping semiconductor or flat panel materials (heading 84.86). (b) Apparatus for physical vapour deposition for the manufacture of semiconductor wafers, semiconductor devices, electronic integrated circuits, or flat panel displays (heading 84.86). (c) "Smart cards" (including proximity cards or tags) as defined in Note 4 (b) to this Chapter (heading 85.23). PARTS I Sub'ect to the general provisions regarding the classification of parts see the General Exp anatory Note to Section XVI), parts of the goods of this heading are also c assified here.