WCO Explanatory Notes reproduced for reference. © World Customs Organization. Verify against official WCO publication.
90.05 - Binoculars, monoculars, other optical telesco es, and mountings therefor; other astronomical instruments and mountings there or, but not including instruments for radio-astronomy. P 9005.10 - Binoculars - Other instruments 9005.90 - Parts and accessories (including mountings) 9005.80 This heading includes : (1) Binoculars, such as opera glasses, binoculars for touring or huntin , military binoculars (including night glasses and certain periscopic binoculars) and binocu ars made in the form of spectacles. f (2) Telescopes for hunting, touring, for use at sea, for £iring ranges, for health resorts (for observin scenery or the sky), etc. The may be in one piece (pocket or other telescopes) or with sli ing drawers for focussing; t ey may also be designed to be fitted on a stand. Certain telescopes may incorporate a device so that they can be used only after the insertion of a coin. z d: (3) Astronomical refracting telescopes. Unlike reflecting telescopes which have a mirror for objective, refracting telescopes have objectives consisting of a system of lenses, some of which may be of large diameter. They are not equipped with an erecting eyepiece which would cause loss of light. The heading includes refracting telesco es whether designed for visual, visual and photographic, or solely for photographic o servation. When equip ed with a photographic camera which forms an integral part of the complete instrument, 8 e y are classified in this heading; however, a photographic camera which does not form an integral part of the complete instrument is classified in heading 90.06. ! (4) Reflecting telesco es. These are the main general p ose astronomical instruments. The objective, which oms the primary ima e, consists o a concave parabolic mirror which may be of a considerable diameter; the re ecting surface is silvered or aluminised. ? "P Reflecting telescopes are usually designed to be mounted on stands which are fkequently large structures with considerable associated equipment. When equipped with a photo a hic camera which forms an integral part of the complete insinstrument, they are classi ie in this heading; however, a photogra hic camera which does not form an integral part of the complete instrument is classified in eading 90.06. Bf R This heading includes the Schmidt reflecting telescope, often referred to as the Schmidt camera. This is used solely in astronom for photo aphic observation. It uses a s herical mirror and a correcting plate which is p aced para1 el to the mirror at the centre o its arc. The image is recorded at the focal point on a convex film. K F f (5) Astronomical telescopes fitted with photo-multipliers or image converter tubes. In this type of telescope the energy of the incident light is used to free electrons from a photoelectric surface placed where the eyepiece would otherwise be. The electrons may be multiplied and measured to show the amount of light originally received by the telescope, or may be focussed (e.g., by magnetic lenses) to form an tmage on a photographic plate or fluorescent screen. I (6) Transit instruments, which are used to observe the apparent passage due to the rotation of the earth) of celestial bodies above the meridian line at the place o observation. They consist essentially of a telescope mounted on an East-West horizontal axis and can therefore move within the meridian plane. (7) E uatorial telescopes. These are mounted on an equatorial stand which allows the te escope to move round an axis parallel to that of the earth (polar axis) and round another axis perpendicular to the former (axis of declination). B (8) Zenith telescopes, which are telescopes mounted so as to move round a horizontal and a vertical axis. (9) Altazimuths, or azimuth circles. These are telescopes movable round a horizontal axis whereas their frames are movable round a vertical axis. These instruments are desi ed to measure both altitudes and azimuths. Theodolites are smaller instruments designe on the same principle, but used for surveying and are excluded (heading 90.15). 'P (10) Coelostats, which are instruments intended to facilitate astronomical observations, particularly by reflecting a given part of the sky into a vertical or horizontal stationary instrument (telescope, s ectroheliograph). They consist essentially of two plane mirrors, one of which is contro led by a clockwork movement and turns a complete circle in 48 hours. P Heliostats and siderostats are special types of coelostats used for astronomical p Certain instruments also called heliostats are used for surveying; these an exc uded (heading 90.15). "P"" (12) Heliometers, which consist of a telescope with its object glass divided along a diameter, the two halves being movable; they are used for measuring the sun's angular diameter and the angular distance between two heavenly bodies. (13) Corono raphs and similar instruments, which are used to observe the sun's corona at ttmes o er than that of a total solar eclipse. d The headin also includes telescopes, and more particularly binoculars, which utilize infra-red li&t and which incorporate image converter tubes to convert the magnified infra-red image into an image which can be seen b the human eye; these infra-red instruments are used at nl ht, articularly b armed forces. Also included are telescopes, binoculars and the like whicf utiEse light amp$fiers (also known as image intensifiers) to mcrease the brightness of an image which is below the visual threshold to a level where the image can be seen. However, in accordance with Note 4 to this Chapter, this heading does not cover telesco ic sigh? for fitting to arms, periscopic telescopes for fitting to submar~nesor tanks, or telescopes or machmes, appliances, instruments or apparatus of this Chapter (for example, telescopes for fitttng to theodolites, levels or other surveying instruments) or of Section XVI (heading 90.13). H PARTS AND ACCESSORIES Subject to the revisions of Notes 1 and 2 to this Chapter (see the General Explanatory Note), this heading a i o covers parts and accessories of the goods of this heading. Such parts and accessories include : frames, housings, tubes and mountings; filar micrometers used with equatorial telescopes for measuring the diameters of planets (these devices consist of a graduated disc mounted on the ey iece of the telescope and fitted with two fixed wires and one movable wire); Gerrish drives use with a motor to move astronomical instruments. The heading also excludes : (a) Superstructures used for installing the instruments or facilitating access to them (domes, platforms, control boards, etc.); these are cIassified in their own appropriate headings (for example, in Section XV). (b) Optical elements such as mirrors, lenses and prisms, presented separately (heading 90.01 or 90.02 as the case may be). (c) Blink microscopes, used in astronomy to find new stars by comparing photographs of the sky (heading 90.11). (d) "Door eyes" or through door viewers (heading 90.13). (e) Instruments used to determine a terrestrial position in relation to the stars, e.g., sextants (heading 90.14). (f) Microphotometers or micmdensitometers for the study of spectrograms (heading 90.27). (g) Astronomical clocks (Chapter 91). 90.06- Photographic (other than cinematographic) cameras; photo ra hie flashlight apparatus and flashbulbs other than discharge lamps of heading 85.39. 9006.30 - Cameras of a kind used for preparing printing plates or cylinders - Cameras specially designed for underwater use, for aerial survey or for 9006.40 - Instant print cameras 9006.10 medical or surgical examination of internal organs; comparison cameras for forensic or criminological purposes - Other cameras : 9006.5 1 - - With a through-the-lens viewfinder (single lens reflex (SLR)), for roll film 9006.52 - - Other, for roll film of a width less than 35 mm - - Other, for roll film of a width of 35 mm - - Other 9006.53 9006.59 of a width not exceeding 35 mrn - Photographic flashlight apparatus and flashbulbs : 9006.61 9006.69 - - Discharge lamp (" electronic ") flashlight apparatus - - Other - Parts and accessories : 9006.91 9006.99 - - For cameras - - Other (I) PHOTOGRAPHIC (OTHER THAN CINEMATOGRAPHIC) CAMERAS This grou covers all kinds of photographic cameras (other than cinematogra hic cameras), whether or professional or amateur use, and whether or not presented witf their o tical elements (objective lenses, viewfinders, etc.). Photographic cameras are those in the exposure of a chemical based film (e.g., silver halide), plate or pa er to the image or light kom the camera's optical system causes a chemical change to the &m, plate or paper. Further processing is required to create a viewable image. ? whit% There are many different types of cameras, but the conventional types consist essentially of a light-ti ht chamber, a lens, a shutter, a dia hragm, a holder for a photo aphic plate or film, and a vie inder. Variations in these essentia features characterise the di ferent kinds of cameras, such as : P P (A) Box cameras; these are the simplest type. (B) Folding or collapsible cameras, for studio or amateur use. (C) Reflex cameras. In the majority of these cameras, the image received by the ob'ective lens is reflected fiom a mirror to the viewfinder b means of a special prism (single ens reflex). Other apparatus of this e have a second o jective lens fiom which the image is reflected onto a screen at the top o the camera (twin lens reflex). z l (D) Pocket cameras which generally use film cassettes; however, some types use discs. These cameras ma also incorporate an automatic focusing system, a motor drive for winding film, an integral gash and a liquid crystal display all of which may be controlled by a microprocessor. The cameras of this group include : (1) Stereo cameras, e uipped with two identical lenses and a shutter which exposes two images simu1taneous y. (2) Panoramic cameras, used to hotograph a wide panorama or a long line of people. The camera can be rotated at a uni o m rate about a vertical axis, the exposure being made by a vertical slit which travels across the plate or film. P (3) Recording cameras. These cameras generally have no shutter, the film moving continuously behind the lens. They are usually intended for combining with other apparatus (for example, cathode-ray oscilloscopes) for recording transitory and ultra-rapid phenomena. (4) Instant print cameras (portable or cabinet type) in which processing is carried out automatically after exposure so that the finished photograph is available in a short time. Coin-, token- or magnetic card operated cabinet type instant print cameras are classified here and not in heading 84.76. (5) Cameras with wide an le lenses to cover a very wide field. Special lenses are used to give an all round view of e horizon. Extreme wide-angle cameras swing the lens during exposure in synchronisation with the shutter. (6) "Dis osable" cameras, also known as "single-use" or "one-time use" cameras, which are pre- oaded with film which is generally not replaced after use. f (7) View cameras. These consist of a flexible bellows which is attached to the front and rear panels that swing on a rigid base. The fiont anel holds the lens mounted on a board and the rear panel contains a film holder. The ellows connects the lens board to the film holder and alIows them to move freely in relation to one another. ! (8) Cameras with air- and watertight cases for underwater photography. (9) Cameras with automatic shutter release (such as those with an electronicall operated shutter) controlled b a watch movement designed to ermit a series of shots to e taken at regular intervals. ={is e also includes cameras esigned for photographing subjects wlthout their knowledge%ey are fitted with a photoelectric cell placed in the circuit of the shutter release, and some are in the form of a small wrist-watch. S K (10) Aerial surve cameras designed to take successive pictures at predetermined time intervals so g a t a strip of ground is covered by overlapping photographs. Some aerial surve cameras have multi le lenses to take vertical and oblique views. This group inclu es cameras for aerial p otogramrnetry. B f (1 1) Cameras for terrestrial photogrammetry consisting of two cameras, interconnected and fixed on a tripod, for talun photographs sirnultaneously. These cameras are mainly used for archeological research, t e upkeep of monuments or at road accidents. &- (12) Comparison cameras for forensic or criminolo 'cal purposes. With these cameras two articles can be photographed simultaneously and 8 e images compared; these are used for verifying fingerprints, checking forgeries, etc. (13) Cameras for medical or surgical purposes, e.g., those introduced in the stomach, for examination and subsequent diagnosis. The heading does not cover video cameras used for these purposes (heading 85.25). (14) Cameras for microphotography. (15) Cameras used for copying documents (letters, recei ts, cheques, drafts, order forms, etc.), including those recording on microfilms, micro iches or other microforms or on sensitive paper. P (16)Laser photoplotter for creating latent C'printed circuit board') images on photosensitive film,general1 from digital formats, (which is subsequently used in the roduction of printed circuit oards) by means of a laser beam. It is comprised of a Eeyboard, a screen (cathode ray tube), a raster image processor and an image reproducer. t (17) Cameras used for composing or preparin rinting plates or c linders by hotographic means. This ap aratus may be of considera e size and may di er considera ly from the other types of p otographic cameras mentioned above. This group includes : %P E i (i) Vertical and horizontal process cameras, three-colour cameras, etc. (ii) Cameras which photograph blocks of type previously set by hand or by machine. (iii)Ap aratus to select the rirnary colours in illustrations (photographs, transparencies, etcfj, consisting essentia y of an optical device and an electronic calculator, d e s i r d for the production, by photographic means, of screened and corrected negatives w ich will be used in the preparation of printing plates. R (iv)Laser photoplotter for creating latent images on photosensitive film, generally from digital formats, (e.g., colour transparencies, which are used to reproduce digital artwork with continuous-tone) by means of a laser beam. To reproduce an image, the prima7 colours (cyan, magenta and yellow) are first selected, whereupon each colour 1s separately turned into rasterized data by an automatic data processing machine or raster image processor. The raster image processor may be incorporated in the photoplotter. Apparatus for preparin printin lates or cylinders b a photocopying or thennocopying process are excluded from this heafing and fa[ in heading 84.43. 6hhotgraphic enlarging or reducing apparatus fall in heading 90.08. (11) PHOTOGRAPHIC FLASHLIGHT APPARATUS AND FLASHBULBS This group covers photographic flashlight apparatus and flashbulbs which are used for professional or amateur photography, in photographic laboratories or in photogravure work. These devices produce very bright light for a ve short duration (flash) and are thus distinguished from photographic lighting equipment of eading 94.05. % Photo aphic flashlighting can be obtained either by means of electrical1 or mechanically ignite devices or by means of discharge lamps (see Explsnatory Note to hea&ng 85.39). f Included here are : (1) Separate flashbulbs. In these the light is produced b a chemical reaction initiated by an electric current. A flashbulb can be used on1 once. t consists of a bulb enclosing the active substance and the igniting device (either a ilment or electrodes). ? f The most common types of flashbulbs are : (i) Oxygen-filled bulbs containing wire or finely shredded strip of, for example, aluminium,zirconium, aluminium-magnesium alloy or aluminium-zirconium alloy. (ii) Bulbs in which a ball of paste, consisting of one or more metal powders (e.g., zirconium) mixed with an oxidising agent, is attached to each of the electrodes. (2) Flashcubes. These are devices in the form of a cube containing four flashbulbs and four reflectors. Each bulb in the cube is ignited in turn either electrically, or mechanically by percussion of an explosive material. (3) Battery flashlamps. Such lamps are fitted with an electric battery and an electrically ignited flashbulb or flashcube, and are usually operated by a synchroniser in the camera shutter. The apparatus usin discharge lam s is more complex. Whether built as a single unit or compnsing several e ements, it usual y consists of: f P (A) A mains, battery or accumulator-o erated power pack; this works on the principle of the charge and discharge of a con enser and is usually controlled by a synchroniser incorporated in the camera shutter. Some types may have provision for varying the flash intensity and duration. cf (B) The discharge lamp with its stand and reflector. (C) A control lamp. (D) A socket for connecting extra flashlamps. Power packs without the flashlamp stands and reflectors but comprisin ,besides the discharge elements, the flash release device and (possibly) auxiliary equipment or varying the intensity and duration of the flashes, fall in this heading as incomplete apparatus having the essential character of the complete apparatus. P PARTS AND ACCESSORIES Subject to the provisions of Notes 1 and 2 to this Chapter (see the General Explanatory Note), this heading also covers parts and accessories of .the goods of this heading. Such parts and accessories include : camera bodies; bellows; tripods; ball and socket mounting heads; shutters and diaphragms; shutter (including dela ed action) releases; magazines for plates or films; lens hoods, specialised stands or bases for orensic photo aph to which a camera is fitted (these often include discharge lamps and an adjustable caliEateBmast for varying the height of the camera). r The headiig does not apply to a paratus consisting of an instnunent equipped to record images by photograph~cmeans, but essential y designed for some other purpose, e.g., a telescope, microscope, spectrograph, stroboscope. A camera presented separately, however, even if it is a specialised part of another instrument (telescope, microscope, spectrograph, photo-theodolite, stroboscope, etc.) is classified in this heading and not as a part of that instrument. 'I The heading also excludes : (a) Halftone or similar printing screens (headings 37.05,90.01,90.02, etc., as the case may be). (b) Photocopying or thennocopying apparatus (heading 84.43). (c) Digital cameras (heading 85.25). (d) Digital camera backs (heading 85.29). (e) Electric flashlight discharge lamps (heading 85.39). ( f ) Photographic enlargers and reducers of heading 90.08. (g) Electron diffraction apparatus (heading 90.12). (h) Photographic rangefinders (heading 90.15), exposure meters (heading 90.27), whether or not designed to be mounted on cameras. (ij) X-ray diffraction cameras (used in con'unction with X-ray apparatus for the examination of crystals), radiography apparatus (heading 90.221
1.- This Chapter does not cover : (a) Articles of a kind used in machines, appliances or for other technical uses, of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber (heading 40.16), of leather or of composition leather (heading 42.05) or of textile material (heading 59.11); (b) Supporting belts or other support articles of textile material, whose intended effect on the organ to be supported or held derives solely from their elasticity (for example, maternity belts, thoracic support bandages, abdominal support bandages, supports for joints or muscles) (Section XI); (c) Refractory goods of heading 69.03; ceramic wares for laboratory, chemical or other technical uses, of heading 69.09; (d) Glass mirrors, not optically worked, of heading 70.09, or mirrors of base metal or of precious metal, not being optical elements (heading 83.06 or Chapter 71); (e) Goods of heading 70.07, 70.08, 70.11, 70.14, 70.15 or 70.17; (f) Parts of general use, as defined in Note 2 to Section XV, of base metal (Section XV) or similar goods of plastics (Chapter 39); however, articles specially designed for use exclusively in implants in medical, surgical, dental or veterinary sciences are to be classified in heading 90.21; (g) Pumps incorporating measuring devices, of heading 84.13; weight-operated counting or checking machinery, or separately presented weights for balances (heading 84.23); lifting or handling machinery (headings 84.25 to 84.28); paper or paperboard cutting machines of all kinds (heading 84.41); fittings for adjusting work or tools on machine-tools or water-jet cutting machines, of heading 84.66, including fittings with optical devices for reading the scale (for example, “optical” dividing heads) but not those which are in themselves essentially optical instruments (for example, alignment telescopes); calculating machines (heading 84.70); valves or other appliances of heading 84.81; machines and apparatus (including apparatus for the projection or drawing of circuit patterns on sensitised semiconductor materials) of heading 84.86; (h) Searchlights or spotlights of a kind used for cycles or motor vehicles (heading 85.12); portable electric lamps of heading 85.13; cinematographic sound recording, reproducing or re-recording apparatus (heading 85.19); sound-heads (heading 85.22); television cameras, digital cameras and video camera recorders (heading 85.25); radar apparatus, radio navigational aid apparatus or radio remote control apparatus (heading 85.26); connectors for optical fibres, optical fibre bundles or cables (heading 85.36); numerical control apparatus of heading 85.37; sealed beam lamp units of heading 85.39; optical fibre cables of heading 85.44; (ij) Searchlights or spotlights of heading 94.05; (k) Articles of Chapter 95; (l) Monopods, bipods, tripods and similar articles, of heading 96.20; (m) Capacity measures, which are to be classified according to their constituent material; or (n) Spools, reels or similar supports (which are to be classified according to their constituent material, for example, in heading 39.23 or Section XV).