of film less than 16mm

90.07 - Cinematographic cameras and projectors, whether or not incorporating sound recording or reproducing apparatus. 9007.10 9007.20 - Cameras - Projectors - Parts and accessories : 9007.91 9007.92 - - For cameras - - For projectors This heading covers : (A) Cinematographic cameras (including cameras for cine hotomicrogra hy). They are similar in principle to the photographic cameras of heading 0.06, but they ave specialised features enabling them to take a series of pictures in rapid succession. R B (B) Cinematographic cameras for recording both image and sound on the same film. (C) Cinematographic projectors which are static or portable apparatus for the diascopic rojection of moving pictures whether or not havin a sound track on the same film. They Eave an optical s stem which consists essentially o a light source, reflector, condenser and projection lens. The projectors also have a mechanism, generally consisting of a maltese cross movement, which draws the film intermittently past the optical system, usually at the same rate as the film was taken, and the light source is cut off when the film is being moved through the pro'ection gate. The light source in cinema projectors is commonly an electric arc-lamp, but i! lament lamps may be used in some r jectors. Cinematographic projectors may be equipped with a demce to rewind the lrn and with a fan. Some projectors may be equipped with a refrigerated water cooling system. B The heading includes special es of cinematographic projectors, for example, projectors which roject magnifications o varying degree on to an optically flat surface to permit a scienti ic study of photogra hed henornena. " Frames' ma be examined singly or continuously at varylng num ers o frames per second. On e other hand " animated" viewers, specially designed for editing films, are excluded (heading 90.10). F % ! Cinematographic projectors may be combined with sound recording or reproducin apparatus, these being e uipped with a reader which incorporates a photoelectric souncf head and a charge-couple device. The sound tracks for most commercial films are printed in dual format, l.e., analogue and digital. The analogue format sound tracks are printed between the frames and the s rocket perforations whereas digital format sound tracks are printed either on the ed es o the film, outside the sprocket perforations, or between the sprocket perforations. gome commercial films are printed w t h an anal0 e sound track and digital timecode information only on the edges of the film,where t e digital sound track is not printed on the film but is recorded separately on a CD-ROM. As the film passes through the reader the photoelectric sound-head reads the analogue sound track and the charge-coupled device reads the digital sound track, or in the latter case the timecode information to ensure synchronisation of sound fiom the CD-ROM with the projected moving ictures. The printing of dual format sound tracks enables sound to be reproduced if one o the sound track formats is damaged or where the sound reproducing apparatus does not have dual format reading capability. P F F Other cinemato aphic projectors may be equipped with either a hotoelectric or a ma etic sound- ead dependin upon the process used for recording e sound-track - or wi both types of sound-head or alternative use. C f ? This headin covers motion picture cameras, etc., whether for the film industry or for use by amateurs. Tb3, heading also coven special type cinematographic cameras, e.g., those designed to be fitted on aircraft (aerial cinematography); watertight cameras for submame cinematography; cameras and projectors for colour, three-dimensional (stereoscopic) or panoramic " films. " Cinematographic apparatus presented without optical parts remain in this heading. PARTS AND ACCESSORIE3 As regards instruments and apparatus (e.g., microscopes, stroboscoy~es)equipped to record cinematographically, see the corresponding part of the Explanatory Note to head~ng90.06. The heading also excludes : (a) Lifting or handling machinery (e-g., camera dollies) of Chapter 84. (b) Microphones, loudspeakers and audio-fi-equency electric am lifiers, other than those presented with and forming an integral part of any of the instruments of this eading (heading 85.18). f: (c) Sound recordin4 or x roducin a paratus and television image and sound recording or reproducing apparatus (bead~ng8?19 or 82217. (d) Photoelectric sound-heads (heading 85.22). (e) Television cameras (heading 85.25). (f) Video projectors (heading 85.28). (g) Apparatus and equipment for cinematographic laboratories, e.g., splicers, editing desks, etc. (heading 90.10). (h) Toy cinematographic projectors (heading 95.03). 90.08- Image projectors, other than cinematographic; photographic (other than cinematographic) enlargers and reducers. - Projectors, enlargers and reducers 9008.90 - Parts and accessories 9008.50 (A) Whereas the apparatus of the previous heading is designed for projecting enlarged animated ima Feson a screen, the instruments of this heading are designed for projectin still images. most common type is the projecaon lantern (or diascope) wh~chn use to project the image of a transparent object (slide or transparent ). It uses two lenses : one, the condenser, forms an image of the light source on the secon lens, called the projection lens. The transparency is placed between the two lenses so that the projection lens forms an image of the transparency on the screen. A high ower light source is used, the light from which is concentrated by a reflector. Slides may e chan ed manually, semi-automaticalIy means of an electromagnet or by a motor controlled y the operator) or automatically y means of a timer). l%e B % Certain diascopes (overhead projectors) have a large object field for the projection of written or printed texts on transparent positives. The e iscope is an image projector designed to throw on to a screen an enlarged image of a bright y illuminated o aque object. A source of light is directed on to the surface of the object and the light re ected from that surface is projected by a lens on to a screen. P R The epidiascope is a projector which can be used either as a diascope or as an episcope. The heading includes slide projectors and other still image projectors as used in schools, lecture rooms, etc.; spectrum projectors; instruments for projecting radiographs; ng microfilm, microfiche or other microform readers, whether or not subsid~arily used ma@i? or photocopying these documents; and the projection apparatus used in the preparation of printing plates or cylinders. The heading also includes projectors incorporating a small screen on which an enlarged image of the slide is projected. (B) The headin also includes photo raphic (other than cinematographic) enlargers and reducers. T ese usually consist o a llght source, a diffusing screen or a condensing lens, a negative holder, one or more objectives with a focussing device (often automatic), and an easel for su porting the sensitised paper; these parts are mounted on an adjustable vertical or horizonta support. F Photo aphic enlargers and reducers of the e used in the re aration of printing plates or cylin ers for the prlnting industry are also c assified in this ea ing. B 'P P$ The above-mentioned a paratus is classified in this heading whether or not resented with optical parts. The optica elements presented separately are excluded (heading 0.01 or 90.02, as the case may be). P PARTS AND ACCESSORIES Subject to the revisions of Notes 1 and 2 to this Chapter (see the General Explanatory Note), this heading a so covers parts and accessories of the oods of this heading. Such parts and accessories include bodies, frames and supports, en arger masking frames, microfilm or microfiche feeders. P f The heading also excludes : (a) Halftone or similar printing screens (headings 37.05,90.01,90.02, etc., as the case may be). @) Microfilm photoco yin ap aratus incorporating an optical system, with a small glass image positioning screen ( eamng 4.43). t 4 t (c) Apparatus for the projection of circuit patterns on sensitised semiconductor materials (" projection mask alignment ") (heading 84.86). (d) Projectors, projection panels, display units or monitors (heading 85.28). (e) Cinemato aphic reducers and enlar ers (for example, those used for making a copy, on film, of an of a different size) (hea%iag90.10) original fig (0 Compound optical microscopes provided with means for projecting the image (heading 90.11). (g) Slide viewers fitted with a single magnifying lens and used for examining photographic slides (heading 90.13). (h) Photogrammetrical distortion-correcting(" restitution ") apparatus (heading 90.15). (ij) Profile projectors (heading 90.31). (k) Toy magic lanterns (heading 95.03).